Control method and control for digital subscriber modem pairs

专利摘要:
To control a digital subscriber line modem pair, operational data (710) is collected from the DSL modem pair, wherein the operational data includes current operational data and historical operational data. At least a portion of the collected operational data is analyzed (730) and a receive margin related parameter set is analyzed based on the analyzed Operating data is generated (740), after which the DSL modem pair is instructed (750) to operate according to the generated receive margin related parameter set.
公开号:AT13387U2
申请号:TGM191/2013U
申请日:2004-12-02
公开日:2013-11-15
发明作者:
申请人:Adaptive Spectrum & Signal；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

istenseid »schis jBtesiiKat AT13 387U2 2013-11-15
Description The invention relates generally to the control of digital communication systems, such as e.g. adaptive control of various transmission parameters, such as maximum transmit power spectral density, maximum total transmit power, transmission band preference, receiver minimum and maximum receive margins, frequency dependent bit apply and power controls, and / or bit overhead constraints.
Digital subscriber line (DSL) technologies provide potentially large bandwidth for digital communication over existing telephone subscriber circuits (referred to as loop and / or copper equipment). Telephone subscriber circuits may provide this bandwidth, despite their original design, only for analog voice band communication. In particular, asymmetric DSL (so-called ADSL) can adapt to the characteristics of the subscriber circuit by using a Discrete Multitone (DMT) line code which assigns to each tone (or subcarrier) a number of bits which can be set to channel conditions. which are determined during a training process and initialization of the modems (typically transceivers serving both as transmitter and receiver) at each end of the subscriber line. Adaptive mapping may continue during live data transmission on channels or lines that vary over time through a process often referred to as " bit-swapping " which uses a secure, relatively slow, reverse channel to inform the sender of changes in the mapping.
Impulse noise, other noise and other sources of error can significantly affect the accuracy of data transmitted by ADSL and other communication systems. Various techniques have been developed for reducing, avoiding and / or repairing the damage caused to the data by such an error during transmission. These error reduction / avoidance / repair techniques incur performance costs for the communication system in which they are used. As is known in the art, inadequate power transmission levels result in errors because the transmission power is not high enough to overcome noise and other interference in a particular channel. These errors result in data loss or the need to retransmit the data, sometimes several times. To avoid such errors, systems use additional transmit power resulting in receive margins above a known or calculated signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) which guarantees the tolerance of an acceptable error rate.
In general, DSL modem pairs determine power, reception margin, and other operating characteristics of the pair during initialization, training, channel analysis, and replacement phases prior to full operation (sometimes referred to as SHOWTIME). The process begins with a power spectral density (PSD) value or a mask. This can be a " flatter " or constant (that is, frequency independent) value, or may be a variable mask, where the PSD value is frequency specific or frequency dependent. In various DSLs there is an initial PSD value (sometimes referred to as " NOMPSD ") and usually an upper NOMPSD MAX-NOMPSD limit is defined by an applicable standard for a particular country. Based on this initial PSD value, the modems estimate the line loss and line length (and perhaps other parameters and / or values).
On the basis of line attenuation and length estimates, a modem, or both, may define a power-down or power-cutback (PCB) value that reduces the initial PSD value. As stated below, different DSL standards set the performance (for example, PSD and PCB) according to different rules, as long as the standards are respected and complied with.
Based on the once set PSD value (sometimes as REFPSD = PSD - PCB 1/54
SsteneiebiKhes pümtmx AT13 387U2 2013-11-15), the modems calculate the bit loading (bi), gains (g,) and the receive margin during the channel analysis phase. G gains are adjustments to individual transmit power levels of bit-priced tones in the DMT scheme, which provide relatively uniform receive latitude for transmission of data on the line. The gains may be adjusted during the SHOWTIME to reflect changes in line conditions, etc., but may be severely limited in the amount of adjustment and in the manner in which such gain adjustments can be made.
Depending on the device manufacturer and the DSL standard used, compliance with the rules and regulations of each standard and / or other appropriate operational limits varies from strict compliance with some parties (usually a very conservative or cautious attitude of DSL service rates operating) until massive disregard of even basic company policies and rules. In many cases, whether through intentional or unintentional non-compliance, excessive performance and / or latitude are used in an attempt to avoid problems that may result from too little of one or both.
However, excessively high power transmission levels lead to other problems. For example, the use of excessive transmission power on one or more lines can cause strong crosstalk problems and interference in nearby lines. Crosstalk is unwanted interference and / or signal noise that is electromagnetically passed between lines sharing the same or adjacent links. In addition, the use of a transmission power above necessary levels also means that the communication system is more expensive to the detriment of all users. The following is a brief summary of existing standards and practices for several types of DSL service, to which embodiments of the invention disclosed below may apply, including nuances that meet any particular standard of more general initialization, training, channel analysis, and replacement procedure. as stated above, differ.
[0009] ADSL1 - G.992.1 Standard (also referred to herein as " ADSL1 Standard " or " ADSL1 "): (1) Has a maximum receive allowance limit setting MAXSNRM (or equivalent) set by providers but the ability to observe and implement this limit varies with the modem manufacturer and interpretations of the standard, with the result that it is often effectively ignored. In general, an " operator " a telecom or other service provider operating the network and providing the service as such. Internet service providers are generally not considered to be operators, as they usually pass the service on as a subcontract to another party.
(2) ATU-R (downlink receiver) and ATU-C (uplink receiver) are limited to a 14.5 dB maximum gain reduction request, which is often insufficient to implement the purpose of MAXSNRM. Furthermore, some ATU-R modems ignore MAXSNRM and there has never been an interoperability test to declare such modems as non-compliant with G.992.1, which actually determines that the receive margin does not exceed MAXSNRM.
(3) Down-ATU-C transmitters reduce the power by up to 12 dB according to the algorithms in the appendices of G.992.1 (of which the most popular are the attachments A, B and C) when in early training received upstream signals are large, indicating that the loop is short. The algorithms of appendices A, B, and C are blind to output noise from the downstream channel, and thus are very " behave " reducing performance and almost always decreasing performance insufficiently - for example, the commonly used Appendix A algorithm applies only to lines less than 1000 m (3000 feet) in length and thus does not do justice to many situations where longer lines are used also needed a performance reduction. 2/54 asterreidBsd! "Pitwiarot AT 13 387 U2 2013-11-15 (4) There may be an initial, flat top PSD boundary or " mask " programmed according to a MAXNOMPSD parameter, which is between -40 and -52 dBm / Hz in 2 dB steps. The MAXNOMPSD value is set by the operator and is the maximum value that NOMPSD can accept when initiating transmitter-receiver training. The modem manufacturer may set a modem to use a lower NOMPSD value, in which case NOMPSD < MAXNOMPSD applies. The MIB / Telcom operator can only set MAXNOMPSD in previous systems, but will not affect the NOMPSD value itself. In ADSL1, NOMPSD is communicated during training from the transmitter to the receiver (for a subsequent attenuation calculation). Again, there is no MIB parameter that directly specifies NOMPSD in ADSL1. Typically, MAXNOMPSD is the NOMPSD used in the very first transmitter-receiver training phase of ADSL1, but the NOMPSD level (limited only to be less than or equal to MAXNOMPSD) is used by the modem manufacturer in the design and not by the operator established. Thus, by setting MAXNOMPSD, the operator is guaranteed to reduce NOMPSD to an upper limit level of NO-MPSD-2nPCβ dBm / Hz, as defined, where nPCB = 0 to 6 (that is, if NOMPSD is -40, then PSD power can be reduced by 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 or 12 dB).
(5) ATU-R receivers from some manufacturers ignore the MAXSNRM as a whole and never demand the 14.5 dB power reduction, although such power reduction is required by the operator and standards.
(6) A gain change during live operation may be so limited (and is recommended in Appendix A, but not required) that only ± 2.5 dB gain adjustments are possible after training in SHOWTIME. Thus, gain change in some modems is limited to a total of ± 2.5 dB in ADSL1. If gain in training is not sufficiently reduced for some reason (eg, there is no disturbing noise), then a further decrease will only occur if the modem reloads. A record of reload operations (a reload count) may be provided by the DSL system as an indication of how many reloads were performed in a particular period of time and as an indication that the MAXSNRM level may be set too low if the reload count is too high. Gain shifts are applied in turn in ADSL1 (so that they can build on each other), but the overall gain reduction of a SHOWTIME sequence of gain shifts is often limited to a maximum of ± 2.5 with respect to training. However, some sellers require a sequence of gain reductions that result in full ADSL1 allowable gain reduction of -14.5 dB during the SHOWTIME. If changes of less than -2.5dB are required, the receivers in such full-range gain switching systems must be intelligent enough to adjust the internal signal processing to avoid intersymbol interference from the fixed sync symbol (its performance never during SHOWTIME by gain change is reduced, unlike the other 68 Live data symbols). Some deficient receivers require performance reduction, but then can not internally adjust themselves if this gain reduction, which is less than -2.5 dB, is implemented (and operators simply do not know on which lines those deficient receivers are located). Such a defective ATU-R will then terminate the DSL connection because it assumes that the line is bad when in fact the problem is due to the faulty implementation of the ATU-R which requires a gain reduction that it can not handle. Because of this issue, service providers could force DSLAM providers to always ignore power reduction requests that exceed the ± 2.5 dB range during live operation (and do so across the network because they do not know where the bad receivers are located, thus eliminating all the good ones) Receiver be restricted). This further limits performance degradation if the service provider chooses this option so that the deficient receivers already installed in their network do not have to be swapped. 3/54
[0018] ADSL2 - G.992.3 Standard (also referred to herein as " ADSL2 Standard " or " ADSL2 "): (1 ) Has a MAXSNRM setting, but this feature still needs to be implemented by a DSL receiver.
(2) The ATU-R (as the downstream receiver) and ATU-C (as the upstream receiver) are limited to a 14.5 dB maximum power reduction requirement for gain settings which are now set absolutely in gain alternations and not relative to Last gain change done. The range now ranges from -14.5 to [+ 2.5 + EXTGI], which still limits it to a maximum power reduction of 14.5 dB (EXTGI> 0 and usually 0, EXTGI is something the transmitter notifies the receiver during early training and can accept it during later gain changes). A larger EXTGI value up to the 18 dB limit allows a modem, which for some reason has a reduced power, to increase its power during live operation to respond to new, stronger noise occurring during live operation could.
(3) A power cut (PCB) in ADSL2 allows the receiver to reduce the power (only during training) by an additional 0, 1 ..... 40 dB, so that the ability to observe MAXSNRM is improved. The ADSL2 standard stipulates that the largest PCB required by either the sender or the receiver should then be implemented. MAXNOMPSD is still an operator-controlled parameter in ADSL2 that applies to the entire band, but in ADSL2, a wider range of this parameter is included than in ADSL 1.
(4) The initial flat PSD mask can be programmed to a MAXNOMPSD parameter ranging from -40 (and -37 in certain range-extended attachments of ADSL2 known as READSL) to -60 dBm / Hz in 0.1 dB steps.
(5) ATU-R receivers of some manufacturers can still ignore the power loss, and unfortunately this is not tested, even in the new test procedure of the DSL Forum, which is referred to as WT-85 (although there is a test almost all would exist, and there is no verification in this test that MAXSNRM is honored). No band preference (i.e., frequency dependent imposition of a PSDMASK) in the ADSL2 standard itself is possible.
(6) A gain change during the live SHOWTIME is no longer limited to ± 2.5 dB, and all symbols (there is still a sync symbol at every 69th digit) have the same level. However, only a gain change up to a -14.5 dB reduction relative to the training levels (not the last level, as in ADSL1) is possible. An increase in gain of up to 2.5 + EXTGI is particularly useful when the modem is started at a very low power level and noise is generated. If EXTGI is large, the modem can recover without a reload. EXTGI is limited to 18.0 dB in ADSL2.
ADSL2 + - G.992.5 standard (also referred to herein as the " ADSL2 + Standard " or " ADSL2 + "): (1) Same as ADSL2 except for the introduction of the PSDMASK parameter implemented by the tssi parameter. The tssi are additional parameters, such as gain-gain gains, except when the tssi can be set externally.
VDSL1, VDSL2, HDSL and SHDSL
The current version of the proposed VDSL1 standard, or G.993.1, has a limited definition of MIB-driven (or operator-controlled) performance reduction procedures (the DSLAM or line-port (LT) modem manufacturer has internally a full PSDMASK Specification, but access to it via MIB is at best not well defined in G.993.1). An enumeration of the maintenance capabilities of the G.993.1-4/54 feirrediise-ts fi eswiSäsnt AT13 387U2 2013-11-15
Standards can be found in the DSL Forum, document TR-057, but the MIB control section of TR-057 is currently empty. Thus, VDSL does not have a standardized mechanism for external adjustment of MAXNOMPSD, but has an internal mechanism for reducing power in 0.25 dB increments (referred to as manual power control) between 0 and 40 dB for the uplink and 0 and 12 dB for the Downlink, with respect to nominally imposed standard limits (there are two mask levels and corresponding downlink and uplink transmission power levels that can be programmably set in G.993.1 compliant modems - thus the power reduction is related to them, some of which are not yet specified ). VDSL also specifies a MAXSNRM (but again, it is not clear who specifies this). Therefore, VDSL has many of the same capabilities as ADSL1 and ADSL2 / 2 +. These capabilities could be standardized for an operator interface in a MIB in future documents that could enable many of the same capabilities as ADSL1, ADSL2, and ADSL2 +. However, VDSL1 does not have the rich set of diagnostic reports such as ADSL2 and ADSL2 +, or even ADSL1, obviously, so the ability to accurately diagnose a problem can be more difficult. Again, future generations of TR057 or G.997.X can address these shortcomings of the current VDSL MIB interfaces.
VDSL2 is still in very early stages, but it seems that it will have essentially the same MIB features as ADSL2 +. HDSL does not appear to have performance degradation features in any way. HDSL (now updated to SHDSL, G.991.2) has a target SNR (or TSNRM) and a reported SNRM, but no MAXSNRM. The bandwidth is fixed symmetrically for any of a few data rates (in principle 384, 768, 1.5, 3, ...) and has the same modulation in both directions with some standardized shaping. It can be imposed a flat PCB of 0, ..., 31 dB. There is no FEC at all to protect against pulses, so it is unlikely that much PCB will be used. Further, SHDSL tends to run at the maximum rate possible on short lines, so its receive margin is usually close to 6 dB TSNRM.
The DSM report, still in its design phase, currently has all MIB capabilities of ADSL2 + in both directions and applies to all DMT transmission methods, ADSL1 to VDSL2 and beyond. FEC can also be specified.
As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, in many DSL systems, including ADSL1 and ADSL2 systems, operating characteristics and rules have usually been set up for a static mode of operation to accommodate "worst case" scenarios in the systems , That is, users may not always realize the full benefits of DSL systems due to inappropriate standards, device limitations and the shortcomings of generally accepted operating procedures and agreements. For example, power margins are rarely respected or may conflict with or between various standards or interpretations of these standards. Such disregard of limits imposed by the service provider and / or set by standards causes problems for users, including excessive crosstalk. Similarly, impulse noise may be a significant problem in some DSL systems. To address impulse noise, current systems use default settings provided by the manufacturer for many operating parameters (such as receiving latitude). The applicable standards are intended to allow the service provider to adjust these parameters but may or may not be properly tuned by the various DSL modems or devices of the vendors.
Even if a majority of users (that is, their modems) are compliant in a connection, a single user may prove to be a significant cause of service degradation or other damage to the DSL service from other users. Even though the standards provide guidelines, even minimal non-compliance can therefore pose significant problems in current systems.
A static operation (when, for example, a DSL service set by the manufacturer set default settings in a DSL modem) means that the DSL service is not can adjust and adapt to changes in line and environmental conditions in the subscriber line, again nullifying and / or reducing the benefits available in such DSL systems and the potential available to one or more users in such systems not realized. As will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, widely varying standards, devices, implementation rules (or lack thereof) and practices mean that, despite detailed standards regarding the operation of these various DSL systems, consistent service and consistent service quality are challenging. Because the modems and other devices may or may not be compliant with the appropriate standards and, more importantly, due to the fact that a user's adjacent lines may or may not use standards-compliant devices and practices, many users suffer from poor or non-optimal ones services.
US 2002/141 443 A describes an arrangement for optimizing the bandwidth of DSL connections. A DSL connection is established via a subscriber device, a copper line following this subscriber device, and a DSL access multiplexer connected to the copper line. The DSL connection is operated at a transmission rate that is adaptively optimized by an optimizer based on a dynamic transmission environment.
US 6,229,855 B describes a method for controlling the power and / or the output frequency of transmitters in a digital data network. The transmission power and / or transmission frequency is controlled by line loss information as well as noise bandwidth both in the central office and at remote locations of the transmission link. Measurements of cable loss and SNR values are made on the system, and the transmit power and / or frequency are adjusted to minimize unwanted interactions between transmitter / receiver pairs in the network.
WO 98/59426 A discloses a system and method for adapting the performance of an xDSL communication system to customer needs, wherein a transmitter modem and a receiver modem agree on a performance parameter for the adjustment. The receiver modem measures the net signal-to-noise ratio on the xDSL loop and, based on this measurement, sends a request to the transmitter modem to make a specific adjustment to the selected performance parameter. The transmit modem performs this setting upon receiving the request from the receiving modem side. The modems can choose either the data rate or the transmit power as the performance parameter for the setting.
US 6356585 B describes a digital subscriber modem which is connected to a line with a transmitting and a receiving end. The modem includes a data terminal which connects the modem to the subscriber line and a control circuit connected to the data terminal which sends and receives signals to the data terminal. The control circuit uses line coding techniques to measure signals and noise at the receiving end, and adjusts the signal amplitude according to the signal and noise, thereby optimizing signal performance.
EP 1 337 062 A discloses a method and a system for connection adaptation. A communication link is established between a central office (CO) modem and a customer premise equipment (CPE) modem. The CO-modem evaluates the performance of the communication connection based on z. B. an SMR measurement, based on AGC (automatic gain control) levels, bit error rates or input power. Impairments of the communication link (eg crosstalk or monitor bridges) are identified based on the evaluation results. Setting parameters for improving the performance of the communication connection are then determined. The CPE modem is modified in accordance with the set tuning parameters to provide a customized communication link
It is not possible to obtain fertilizer between the CO modem and the CPE modem, for example, AT13 387U2 2013-11-15. For example, by a new carrier band for the uplink band or a new power level for the CPE modem (PBO - power back off). This makes it possible to avoid impairments such as monitoring bridges and crosstalk.
US 6,327,677 discloses a system and method for monitoring a network environment. The system collects up-to-date data associated with the operation of the network environment, and the network environment is analyzed by comparing the collected data with historical data associated with operating the network environment. The system determines whether a problem or a potential problem exists based on this analysis of the network environment. The system periodically updates the historical data to include the most recently collected data. The collected data may include network performance data, network configuration data, traffic flow data, network usage data, or network misinformation. When the system detects that a problem exists, it generates an alarm.
Systems, devices, methods, and techniques that enable users to tune and adjust transmit power reception margins, power spectral densities, and the like dynamically to changing DSL ambient and operating situations would represent a significant advance in the field of DSL operation. Further, monitoring and evaluating the power, the reception margin, etc., used in the DSL environment and in operation, by an independent unit, can support, direct, and control (in some cases) the activities and devices of users Accordingly, they represent a significant advance in the field of DSL operation.
It is an object of the invention to provide a method for a controller and a corresponding control for a digital subscriber line modem pair, with or with the adaptation of parameters such as transmission power, power spectral density, etc., in changing DSL situations is possible; Furthermore, monitoring and evaluation of power, reception margin, etc., in particular with the aid of an independent unit, should be made possible in order to support the subscriber modems.
Accordingly, the invention provides a control method as defined in the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments and further developments are specified in the dependent claims.
Thus, in particular, a method is proposed, in which operating data of the DSL modem pair, namely current and historical operating data, are collected, after which at least a part of the collected operating data is analyzed and based on the analyzed operating data a reception margin-related parameter set is generated; then the modem pair is instructed to work according to this generated parameter set.
In a corresponding manner, a controller or a controller for monitoring multiple modem pairs for digital subscriber lines (DSL) is provided, which is a collection module for collecting current and historical operating data of at least one DSL modem pair, further connected to the collection module analysis module for analyzing at least part of the collected operation data and an instruction signal generation module connected to the analysis module and configured to generate a reception margin related parameter set based on this analysis so as to instruct a DSL modem pair or a plurality of DSL modem pairs according to this analysis generated parameter set to work.
The invention can be used in conjunction with ADSL1, ADSL2, ADSL2 + and VDSL systems as well as other types of DSL systems.
The controller may be a DSM center, an " smart " Modem and / or computer system. The controller and / or other components may be a computer-implemented device or a combination of devices. In some embodiments 7/54
SsteroebiKhis Patent Office AT 13 387 U2 2013-11-15 the controller is located in a location remote from the modem. In other cases, the controller may be in the same location with one or both of the modems as equipment connected directly to a modem, resulting in a " smart " Modem is created.
The receive margin related parameter value may be a PSD related value, such as the MAXNOMPSD or MAXNOMATP parameter used by various ADSL systems. In some embodiments, the receive margin related parameter value may be a shaped spectral mask for use in transmissions and / or may represent upper bounds or limits on bit loading for frequencies used in transmissions between the modems. In some cases, preference bands may be imposed to direct modems to favor and / or avoid certain frequencies.
The operating data may include one or more modem operating parameters that are the same as or different than the receive margin related parameter whose value is regulated by the controller. The historical data can be kept in a database. The operational data may further include data collected by the DSL system in which the modem pair operates, for example, one or more MIBs or other data sources. The operating data can be sent to the controller through a communication means, internally and / or externally of the DSL system itself. Some other types of operating data that can be evaluated include data related to crosstalk between the modem pair and adjacent DSL lines, a history of the receive margin previously used by the modem pair, umlaut counts (indicating that the MAXSNRM was down may be set when the reload count values are high), transmit power levels previously used by the modem pair, data rates previously used by the modem pair, and / or data related to a prior modem behavior misconduct.
Further details and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings.
The invention will be more readily understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters designate like structural elements; 1 is a schematic block diagram of the reference model system in accordance with the G.997.1 standard; [0049] FIG. a schematic block diagram showing a general, exemplary DSL installation; a schematic block diagram of an embodiment in a DSL system that uses a controller such as a DSM center; Figs. 4A, 4B and 4C are comparative illustrations of performance-adaptive, rate-adaptive and receive-margin-adaptive implementations of DSL systems; Fig. 5A is a flow and schematic diagram showing the operation of an ADSL1 system according to an embodiment of the invention; Fig. 6B; Fig. 6B; Fig. 7B is a flow and schematic diagram showing the operation of an ADSL1 system according to an embodiment of the invention; a flow and schematic diagram showing the operation of an ADSL2 system according to an embodiment of the invention; a flow and schematic diagram showing the operation of an ADSL2 system according to an embodiment of the invention; a flowchart showing a method according to an embodiment of the invention; 8/54
Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 AT 13 387 U2 2013-11-15 is a block diagram of a typical computer system used for implementation of embodiments of the invention is suitable; a pair of bit-apply power tables; an example of a receive margin distribution for a particular data rate estimated based on collected operational data; a method according to an embodiment of the invention that utilizes the estimated distribution of one or more performance related parameters such as receive latitude; and an embodiment of the invention that incorporates a " smart " Shows modem unit with a controller that has a processor and memory integrated with a DSL Modern.
In general, embodiments of the invention will hereinafter be described in connection with the operation of a DSL system with a controller (eg, a computer system, a " smart " modem, a dynamic spectrum manager, a Spectrum Management Center (SMC) and / or or a Dynamic Spectrum Management Center (DSM) center, as described in publications and other documents relating to this field, or any other suitable control device and / or unit, including a computer system). If the term " control " is intended herein to mean any or all of these or other suitable control means. A controller may be a single unit or combination of components that is a computer-implemented system, device, or combination of devices that perform the functions described below.
As will be apparent to those skilled in the art after reading the present description, embodiments of the invention may be adapted to operate in various DSL and other communication systems known to those skilled in the art. A dynamic spectrum manager or other controller using a communication system using one or more embodiments of the invention may or may not be a service provider and / or operator (which in some cases may be a CLEC, ILEC or other service provider) Party that is partially or fully independent of the system operator (s).
In general, when multiple parameters are monitored and tunable in a communication system and are not statically tuned, performance can often be dramatically improved (e.g., higher data rates can be achieved, more users serviced, less power consumed, etc.). , That is, if system settings are adaptively adjusted as a function of line or channel performance, adaptive changes to system operation can improve data rates and other services for users. For example, there is currently no system for dynamically monitoring a large number of parameters, measures, etc., and providing operators and users with support in optimizing DSL services. Some operators have developed rudimentary forms for collecting DSL line data and have attempted to either: - increase the data rate available after an initial service installation until a well-functioning, acceptable rate is observed (as " provision "designated); and / or [0067] to observe a bit error rate of the line over time to determine whether it requires re-provisioning at a lower data rate.
In particular, the rules for increasing or decreasing data rates in these 9/54
AT13 387U2 2013-11-15
Systems often have very simplified, fixed functions of one or very few input parameters (s). Systems according to embodiments of the invention that accept and analyze multiple inputs and become essentially dynamic functions of some parameters due to the observation and processing of the many other observed parameters and the performance of the line represent a significant improvement in this field.
To reduce performance problems of various types, including crosstalk interference, many communication systems limit the power used by transmitters transmitting data in a particular system. The latitude of a transmission system is the level of transmission power (usually expressed in dB) versus the minimum power required to achieve a desired power (eg, a threshold bit error rate or BER (bit error rate) of the system). The basic goal is to use sufficient power to correct and / or compensate for noise-induced and interference-induced errors while minimizing the power required to transmit in order to reduce the potential problems caused by excessive levels the transmission power are caused. In many cases, however, device manufacturers, system operators, and others use such excessive power (which results in excessive headroom) in an effort to provide high data rates and to find a lighter strategy for dealing with potential problems such as crosstalk.
The invention uses information about line characteristics (e.g., operating data) to more carefully evaluate acceptable problem / interference avoidance and data rates in performance adaptive systems and methodologies. This is done by analyzing the available information and / or operational data and then training and adjusting modems to operate at power transmission levels (and thus margins) that provide sufficient power for acceptable data transmission while minimizing the harmful effects may have a user's line on the lines of other users. In particular, embodiments of the present invention may generate receive margin related parameters and direct at least one modem in a pair of modes to use one or more of such receive margin related parameters to assist the pair of models in meeting a particular travel destination.
Fig. 1 shows a reference model system with which embodiments of the present invention according to the G.997.1 standard (also known as G.ploam) can be used, which is well known to the skilled person. This model applies to all ADSL systems that meet the various standards that may or may not include subdivisions, such as ADSL1 (G.992.1), ADSL-Lite (G.992.2), ADSL2 (G.992.3), ADSL2-Lite G. .992.4, ADSL2 + (G.992.5) and the G.993.X-derived VDSL standards, as well as the G.991.1 and G.991.2 SHDSL standards, all with or without bonding. This model is well known to those skilled in the art.
The G.997.1 standard specifies the physical layer management for ADSL transmission systems based on the clear Embedded Operational Channel (EOC) as defined in G.997.1 and the use of indicator bits and EOC messages as defined in G.992.X standards. In addition, G.997.1 specifies the contents of network management elements for configuration, fault and power management. In performing these functions, the system uses a series of operational data (containing performance data) available at an access node (AN).
In Fig. 1, a user terminal 110 (sometimes referred to as a "customer premises equipment" or CPE) is coupled to a home network 112 which, in turn, is coupled to a Network Termination Unit (NT) 120 is. The NT 120 includes an ATU-R 122 (for example, a transceiver defined by one of the ADSL standards) or another suitable network termination modem, a 10/54
& t ^ id »scHg ρ®ίκηΕδίϊϊί AT 13 387 U2 2013-11-15 other transmitter-receiver or other communication unit. The NT 120 also includes a management entity (ME) 124. The ME 124 may be any suitable hardware device, such as a microprocessor, a microcontroller or a circuit state machine in firmware or hardware capable of operation required by applicable standards and / or other criteria. The ME 124 collects and stores, among other things, operational data in its MIB, which is a database of information maintained by each ME and accessible via network management protocols, such as Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), a management protocol used to gather information from a network device to be forwarded to an administrator console / administrator program or via TL1 commands, TL1 being a long-established command language used to program responses and commands between telecommunications network elements.
Each ATU-R in a system is coupled to an ATU-C in a CO or other central location. In Fig. 1, the ATU-C 142 is located at an access node (AN) 140 in a CO 146. A ME 144 also maintains an MIB of operational data associated with the ATU-C 142. The AN 140 may be coupled to a broadband network 170 or other network as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The ATU-R 122 and ATU-C 142 are coupled together by a loop 130, which in the case of ADSL is usually a twisted pair telephone that also carries other communication services.
Several of the interfaces shown in Figure 1 are used to determine and collect operational data. The Q interface 155 provides the interface between the network management system (NMS) 150 of the operator and the ME 144 in the AN 140. All parameters specified in the G.997.1 standard apply to the Q interface 155. The near end parameters supported in the ME 144 are derived from the ATU-C 142, while the far end parameters are derived from the ATU R 122 can be derived from one of the two interfaces via the U interface. Indicator bits and EOC messages sent using an embedded channel 132 and provided at the PMD level may be used to generate the required ATU-R 122 parameters in the ME 144. However, the Operations, Administration and Maintenance (OAM) channel and a suitable protocol for obtaining the parameters from the ATU-R 122 may also be used when requested by the ME 144. Similarly, the far-end parameters from the ATU-C 142 can be derived from one of two interfaces via the U-interface. Indicator bits and EOC messages provided at the PMD level may be used to generate the required ATU-C 142 parameters in the ME 122 of the NT 120. However, it is also possible to use the OAM channel and a suitable protocol for obtaining the parameters from the ATU-C 142 when requested by the ME 124.
At the U interface (which is essentially the loop 130), there are two management interfaces, one at the ATU C 142 (the UC interface 157) and one at the ATU R 122 (the UR interface 158). , The U-C interface 157 provides ATU-C near-end parameters for the ATU-R 122 obtained via the U-R interface 130. Similarly, the U-R interface 158 provides ATU-R near-end parameters for the ATU-C 142, which are obtained via the U-interface 130. The applicable parameters may depend on the transmitter-receiver standard used (eg G.992.1 or G.992.2). The G.997.1 standard specifies an optional OAM communication channel over the U-interface 130. If implemented, ATU-C and ATU-R pairs can use it for transporting OAM messages at the physical layer. Thus, the transceivers 122, 142 of such a system share different operational data held in their respective MIBs.
As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, at least some of the parameters described in these documents may be used in connection with embodiments of the invention. Further, at least some of the system descriptions in embodiments 11/54 are also
Merreicfcische ;; paieiSitiat AT13 387U2 2013-11-15 of the invention applicable. Various types of operational data available from a DSL NMS can be found therein; others may be known to those skilled in the art.
In a typical topology of a DSL system in which a number of transceiver pairs operate and / or are available, a portion of each subscriber loop is tied to the loops of other users in a multi-pair connection (or one) Bunch). After the pedestal, very close to the end user device (CPE), the loop takes the form of a drop wire (insertion lead) and exits the bundle. Therefore, the subscriber loop traverses two different environments. Part of the loop may be inside the interface, where the loop is sometimes shielded from external electromagnetic interference but subject to crosstalk. After the socket, the drop wire is often not affected by crosstalk because it is far from other active pairs for most of the "drop". is removed, but transmission may also be more significantly affected by electromagnetic interference since the drop wires are not shielded. Many drop wires have 2 to 8 twisted pairs in them, and in multiple home service situations, or in bonding (multiplexing and demultiplexing a single service) of these wires, there may be additional substantial crosstalk between these wires in the drop segment.
A general, exemplary DSL installation scenario in which embodiments of the invention may be used is illustrated in FIG. All participant loops from a total of (L + M) users 291,292 go through at least one common connection. Although the loops are shown in Figure 2 with approximately the same length, the loops of a particular system are more likely to have different lengths and, in some cases, very different lengths. Each user is connected by a dedicated line to a central office 210, 220. However, each subscriber loop can pass through different environments and media. In Figure 2, L users 291 are connected to the CO 210 with a combination of optical fiber 213 and twisted copper pairs 217, commonly referred to as " Fiber to the Cabinet " (FTTCab) or " Fiber to the Curb " (Fiber is routed to the cable splitter). Signals from the transceiver 211 in the CO 210 will receive their signals from the optical line port 212 and optical network port 215 in the CO 210 and optical network unit (ONU) 218, which may also be referred to as the remote terminal (RT) , transformed. Modems 216 in the ONU 218 serve as transceivers for signals between the ONU 218 and users 291.
The loops 227 of the remaining M users 292 are twisted pair copper only, a scenario termed " Fiber to the Exchange " (FTTEx) (fiber is only routed to the central office). If possible and economically practical, FTTCab is preferable to the FTTEx, as this reduces the length of the copper part of the subscriber loop and thus increases the achievable rates. The presence of FTTCab loops can cause problems with FTTEx loops. It is also expected that FTTCab will become an increasingly popular topology in the future. This type of topology can lead to significant crosstalk interference and can mean that the different user's lines have different data transport and performance capacities due to the specific environment in which they operate. The topology may be such that fiber-optic " wire-line " lines and exchange lines may be mixed in the same connection. Users L + 1 through L + M could be a remote (rather than CO) connection, and users 1 through L could be even closer to customers, possibly serviced by a line port or other fiber-powered port (hence two fiber-optic ports of which one is closer to the customer than the other).
As can be seen in Figure 2, the lines from the CO 220 to the users 292 share the link 222, which is not used by the lines between the CO 210 and the users 291. Further, another link 240 is common to all lines to / from CO 210 and CO 220 and their respective users 291,292. In accordance with an embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, a receive margin and performance analyzer 300 may be part of an independent unit using a DSL system Monitor 310 (for example, a dynamic spectrum manager or dynamic spectrum management center) that supports the user and / or one or more system operators or providers in optimizing or otherwise controlling their use of the system. (A dynamic spectrum manager can also be called the Dynamic Spectrum Management Center, DSM Center, System Maintenance Center or SMC). In some embodiments, the controller 310 may be operated by an ILEC or CLEC that operates DSL lines from a CO or other location. In other embodiments, such as the example in FIG. 12, a " smart " Modem unit 1200 includes a controller 800 '(with, for example, a processor and memory) integrated with a modem 1210 at a user site, central office, or other individual location. As can be seen by dashed line 346 in FIG. 3, controller 310 may be in or part of CO 146 or may be external and independent of CO 146 and any party operating in the system. Further, the controller 310 may be connected to and / or control multiple COs. Likewise, components of the controller 310 may or may not be in the same location and / or in the same device and / or instead may be accessible to the controller at different locations.
In the exemplary system of FIG. 3, the analyzer 300 includes collection means 320 (which may also monitor if desired) and analysis means 340. As can be seen in FIG. 3, the collection and / or monitoring means 320 may be sources in the DSL system, such as NMS 150, ME 144 at the AN 140 and / or the MIB 148, which is led by the ME 144, be connected and collect data through and from these. The data may also be collected from external sources by means 320 over the broadband network 170 (eg, via the TCP / IP protocol or other means outside the normal internal data communication systems in a particular DSL system). For example, the controller may collect operational data from an ATU-R over the Internet or even an ATU-C over the Internet if the EMS is hostile or the bandwidth is limited. Operating data can also be collected from the service provider's NMS, which can collect itself from various sources.
The analysis means 340 and / or monitoring / collecting means 320 may also be coupled to a source 345 of receive margin performance or history, such as a database or memory, which may or may not be part of the analyzer 300 or controller 310. One or more of the analyzer connections enable analyzer 300 to collect operational data. The data may be collected once (for example during a single transceiver training process) or over time. In some cases, the monitoring means 320 collects data on a periodic basis, although it may also collect data on demand or on another non-periodic basis, so that the analyzer 300 can update its user and line data as desired.
The analyzing means 340 may analyze supplied data to determine whether instructions must be sent to one or more modems to assist the modems in reaching a particular receive margin destination. The analysis means 340 of the analyzer 300 is coupled to an instruction signal generation means 350 in the controller 310. A signal generator 350 is configured to accept a receive margin related parameter value generated by the analysis means 340 for use by a modem, the receive margin related parameter value being based on the operational data and calculated to satisfy at least one modem upon satisfaction of a modem Receive travel destination supports and instruction signals (for example, a requested or required MAXNOMPSD value, a PSDMASK setting or other instructions such as CARMASK, MAXSNRM, MINSNRM, TSNRM, MAXNOMATP, MAXRXPWR or any rate-adaptive receiving margins or timers) to users in the communication system (for example ADSL transmitter Receiver such as ATÜ-Cs). As indicated by the dashed line 347, the instruction signal generating means 350 may or may not be part of the analyzer 300 and / or may be implemented in the same hardware as a computer system. The instruction signal generator 350 provides a means for regulating one or more receive margin related parameter values (s) in the mode pair.
As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, if the controller is a fully independent unit (ie, the company that owns and / or operates lines in CO, does not belong and / or is not operated by it), much of the configuration and operating information of the DSL system may not be available. Even in cases where a CLEC or ILEC operates and / or acts as controller 310, many of these data may be unknown. Various techniques can be used to estimate the required data and / or information. An example of such techniques can be found in US Application No. 10 / 817,128.
In some embodiments, the analyzer 300 may be implemented in a computer such as a personal computer, workstation, or the like (an example of which is disclosed in connection with FIG. 8). The collection means 320, analysis means 340, and / or instruction signal generation means 350 may be software modules, hardware modules, or a combination of both, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. For example, these components may all reside in the same computer system or may reside in different devices. To manage large numbers of lines, databases can be introduced and used to manage the volume of data generated by the lines and the controller.
The configuration of FIG. 3 may be used to implement performance-adaptive systems and methods according to embodiments of the present invention. As can be seen in FIG. 4A, power adaptive systems, such as those included in the present invention, reduce and / or minimize power consumption while maintaining a target data rate (eg, a minimum data rate) and a target noise drain margin. Rate adaptive systems and methods, illustrated in Figure 4B, use all available power (the total transmit PSD, usually at a fixed level) to maximize the data rate while maintaining the target receive gaming margin. Receive-travel adaptive systems and methods, as illustrated in FIG. 4C, also use all of the available power, in this case to maximize the receive latitude, while maintaining a fixed data rate. The current installation of an ADSL usually follows the receive-handoff-adaptive techniques of Figure 4C, often to the detriment of users and operators. As soon as excess power is used, either to unnecessarily increase the data rate or to provide an excessive receive margin, crosstalk and other problems may arise for users and operators. Unlike the excessive power systems, power-adaptive techniques such as those of the present invention provide reliable data rates, minimum power consumption, and sufficient headroom to guarantee reliable error and interference avoidance.
ADSL field operation has taught that modems, while often claiming compliance with a plethora of emerging, volatile DSL standards, often all different quantities, rules, and policies in different ways for different manufacturers (and indeed for different ones Generations and versions of the hardware and software of the same manufacturer). Furthermore, various interoperability tests, including those currently in progress, do not adequately address all of the various possible configurations and power levels, leaving far-reaching uncertainty about the actual field conditions. Using the present invention, control provides and enforces consistent operating policies and implementations to reduce, increase, and / or maintain power and / or PSD levels to avoid problems such as excessive crosstalk between modems. Further, the controller may experiment with various settings that are not normally established by or during the expected operation of the standard products to determine cause / effect and time variation of DSLs. Determine environments so that rate / performance / price offer combinations for a DSL service to customers in connections with varying degrees of crosstalk and customer topology can produce maximum service and / or revenue.
Time variation information and techniques correspond to ADSL2 modes known as dynamic rate matching. The specific parameters in G.997.1 for this are known as RA-USNRMus / ds and RA-DSNRMus / ds (rate adaptive uplink / downlink signal-to-noise ratio overhead, uplink or downlink) and allow setting of a receive margin target that achieves must be before the rate can be increased or decreased. RA-USNRMus is a level that compares the calculated received headroom of the modem. If this calculated receive margin exceeds USNR-Mus for a period of RA-UTIME or longer, the data rate can be increased without a reloading operation in the ADSL2. After the rate increase, the receive margin is smaller than before the rate increase. If the calculated receive margin is now less than USNRMus, the calculated receiver headroom of the modem is compared to RA-DSNRMus, and if greater than this value, the modem will remain at the same data rate. If the receive margin is below RA-DSNRMus now or at any time for a period of time exceeding RA-DTIME, the modem data rate is lowered until the receive margin again exceeds RA-DSNRMus. There is always a maximum rate at which rate matching stops and then MAXSNRM applies here. The receive margin targets must be maintained for a period of time specified by the DSM center via another control parameter RA-UTIMEus / ds or RADTIMEus / ds (rate-adaptive up / down-time, upstream or downstream).
In general, as shown in the example of FIG. 7, the controller collects operational data (typically related to the DSL modem pair of interest) at 710. The operational data may be the historical received headroom performance of the DSL system, historical performance data (as previously measured and known receive travel levels for the modem pair and other performance-related information), current performance data related to the DSL modem, relearn count data, other data related to a modem training process, or error data.
Data may be collected using the internal communication system (s) and / or using external communication (for example, the Internet). The operational data could include information regarding one or more modem operating parameter values (s) used or set by the modem pair collected at 720.
At 730, the controller analyzes the operational data to determine which receiver margin related parameter values might support the pair of modes in satisfying a receive margin target or otherwise increase the performance of the modem star. The controller may then generate a receive margin related parameter value at 740. The receive margin related parameter value may be for a modem operating parameter that the controller has considered or may be another receive margin related parameter. At 750, the controller generates an instruction signal representing the receive margin related parameter value and sends it to at least one modem in the pair of modes, instructing the pair of mods to accept the receive margin related parameter value for use in training or normal operation, depending on the circumstances.
The controller may update the operation of the mode pair by performing such analysis more than once, as illustrated by the dotted portion in Figure 7, or may do so only at certain times, such as just prior to modem training. As discussed in detail below, the parameters that the controller works with and operating data available to the controller vary a lot depending on the type of DSL System in which the fashion couple works. Again, the modem operating parameter (s) used by the controller in the Modem Receive Travel Performance analysis may or may not have the same parameters as those for which the receiver margin related parameter value is generated and sent to the modem. Although the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to such types, they are useful in supporting modems using ADSL1, ADSL2, ADSL2 +, and / or VDSL. Using the controller can help ensure that standards-compliant modems remain compliant. Further, embodiments of the present invention may be used to augment the performance of one or more DSL lines, taking into account operational data such as crosstalk effects and other information that may have a detrimental effect on DSL performance.
The basic idea is that the spectrum level, the power, the spectrum shape, etc. can all be changed depending on the reported receive margin / distribution. In other words, after evaluating data on the past performance of a modem pair and knowing one or more receive margin related parameters of the modem pair, a controller or the like may suggest or require the pair of models to accept operating values that the modems have in fulfilling one or more modes support multiple Receive Travel Destinations, regardless of whether this is required by a standard or not.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a controller coupled to the ATU-C side of a modem pair dynamically controls the receive margin settings and adjustments for each line (for example, in an ADSL2 system by setting and / or changing the MAXSNRM Parameters, by imposing another MAXNOMPSD level or by adjusting the PSDMASK in an ADSL2 + modem or by combining some or all of these or some of the other aforementioned parameters such as CARMASK, MAXSNRM, TSNRM, MINSNRM, RA receive margins / timers). Such a dynamic receive margin setting by placing a deeper mask is not part of any standard. Even those attempting to comply with the receive clearance and performance rules may be limited by the range of acceptable PCBs, or may be limited by having no informational history of previous training and use of the line (possibly with other modems and / or other customers, who were previously at the end of the line). Thus, in another embodiment, the controller may recognize from a history of reported receive margin measurements that the lead exceeds a desired receive margin target, thereby applying a lower PSD level during or before training by the mechanisms discussed above. This was not done in previous systems because users and operators did not really know the anticipated power level and did not want to unnecessarily weaken a modem should it experience high noise during operation. If, for some reason, a modem does not use sufficient power and / or room for reception and experiences excessive noise and error problems, the controller can similarly instruct the modem to use a higher PSD level during training or operation to get a better one To enable operation.
As noted above, in some systems, it may be preferable to use a historical, previously measured and / or known, receive latitude to " sow " the training process so that an adequate performance reduction is implemented during the training process. The controller may maintain or access a performance history such that the controller may continually improve estimates and decisions as to which PSD or other receiver margin related parameters to use to command the modem when the modem is reset or re-learned (which, as appropriate , enforced or recommended). For example, a service provider or controller may wait for the line to be idle - for example, to count the ATM cells or other customer information indicative measures to determine if the line is active or not - and then re-tune to use the newer one. PSD (s) in 16/54 in a way that is completely transparent to a user. In other situations, at a time when the system is unlikely to be used (for example, in the middle of the night), the service provider may simply perform a relearn operation. In some embodiments, the controller may use this historical information to tell the one or both of the modem (s) in the modem pair (eg ATU-C) which initial PSD level should be used, such that an available PCB value or another setting (for example, a -14.5 dBm reduction by the ATU-R) has a chance to meet the receive travel specification.
In some embodiments, programming is based on either a previous use or training process. The previous use may be more important in some cases. A second pass through the training process, which may also be used, is essentially a quick fix for the modem vendors themselves, particularly for a downstream transmission at the DSLAM vendors, with the modems essentially stopping the current training process and then with the training process second time from the beginning, with another, lower NOMPSD, which causes the receive margin to be less than MAXSNRM.
Some embodiments of the present invention combine to comply with the ADDNMR limit by initializing the PSDMASK setting using prior knowledge. Optimal Spectrum Management (OSM), known to those skilled in the art, has been investigated and has some enhancements to level 2 coordinated spectrum management by a dynamic spectrum manager, DSM center, or other control over already large theoretical gains iterative water-fillings that were treated in earlier systems. " level 2 " means that a controller such as a DSM center can collectively coordinate the spectrum levels (for example, based on perceived crosstalk between two or more lines). Level 1 means that the spectrum is adjusted based on observations from the same one line only. Level 0 means no possibility for a DSM. Further information on OSM can be found in various contributions to the T1E1.4 Working Group of ANSI, including contributions T1E1.4 / 2003/325, T1E 1.4 / 2004/459 and TIE 1.4 / 2004/460.
The central coordination necessary for an OSM, however, makes it difficult to achieve the gains in a practical system since the spectra must be centrally controlled. In embodiments of the present invention, the use of the PSDMASK of G.997.1 for the newly published DSM report of ANSI T1E1.4, and probably for VDSL2, allows the conventional separate integer water-filling to achieve substantially comparable performance as OSM, simply by doing some flat PSD masks are set up in different segments of the frequencies used by a DSL modern. The levels of these bands may be increased or decreased until a desired combination of data rates is achieved among users who continue to proceed with a bit change or bit feed in the normal manner, while respecting the particular PSDMASK constraints that apply to each tone be valid. Reported receive margins may correspond to worst case receive margins, and MAXSNRM is usually only applied to the tone with the smallest receive margin. Manufacturers could not use the best imposition or bit-switching algorithms, resulting in variations and interpretations of the launched PSDMASK. Thus, a preferred band (or "PREFBAND") bit or an indication of EM of a modem pair may be sent to inform them that a separate water filling or approach to it is desired and that the MAXSNRM parameter is on should apply to the reception margins found on all tones (and not just the worst tone). This PREFBAND note is a part of this invention.
As noted above, for ADSL1 systems, the MAXNOMPSD value is usually set by the operator. However, using one embodiment of the present invention, an example of which is illustrated in FIG. 5A, a controller 510 sees one
AT 13 387 U2 2013-11-15 parameter value (for example, a MAXNOMPSD value) for the ATU-C 530. The controller 510 may send instructions or otherwise communicate with the system using the NMS and / or element management system, which may accept the MAXNOMPSD or PSDMASK values from the controller 510. The instruction signal (eg, from the instruction signal generation means 350) may be sent to the ATU-C 530 via the NMS, element management system, e-mail, ftp, or in any suitable manner as would be apparent to those skilled in the art. The controller may also provide a MAXNOMATP value in addition to or instead of the MAX NOMPSD value (s) in some embodiments. In some cases, the ADSL1 CARMASK procedure (a simple in / out indicator for each tone that is standardized and allowed for an operator specification in ADSL1) can also be used instead of or in addition to MAXNOMATP / PSD to turn off carriers in a band that generate excessive crosstalk in other DSL systems.
In embodiments of the present invention applicable to ADSL1, the controller 510 calculates a receive margin related parameter value used by modems (for example, the MAXNOMPSD value) based on operation data collected by the controller ( eg, data from an MIB 525 or a historical data module 520) for transceiver training that results in appropriate receive latitude during SHOW-TIME operation. (NOMPSD is selected by the transmitter and not a MIB-controlled setting, but NOMPSD must be less than MAX-NOMPSD and the field practice for this transmitter is to set the NOMPSD at the same level of MAXNOMPSD if this value can be implemented.) Some MAX -NOMPSDs, eg -40 dBm / Hz, supplied to an RT that can implement only -44 dBm / Hz can actually be higher than the NOMPSD). History / Library 52 0 receives data from the operator MIB 525 and any other available source of relevant system performance data. The controller 510 passes the MAXNOMPSD value or other receive margin related parameter value to the ATU-C 530. The MAXNOMPSD value provided by the controller may be calculated such that the system receives the TSNRM / TARSNRM receive margin value, the MAXSNRM receive margin value, a receive margin value between them realized both or any other desired destination travel destination. The controller may decide to test or project the line performance among a number of different types of noise situations that have occurred, which may occur or occur, especially situations where other adjacent lines also have programmed PSDs.
Since the modem 510 often uses MAXNOMPSD as its NOMPSD value, the new MAXNOMPSD value provided by the controller 510 is likely to become the NOMPSD value used by the ATU-C modem 530. Even if the MAXNOMPSD value provided by the controller is not selected by the ATU-C as the NOMPSD value, the NOMPSD value can not be higher than the supplied MAXNOMPSD value, and excessive receive margins will continue to be generated during the normal SHOWTIME operation avoided.
The controller thereby forces an upper limit on the NOMPSD, even though the controller can not force the NOMPSD value directly. Therefore, if -52 is the desired NOMPSD value, the controller sets MAXNOMPSD to -52. Since NOMPSD can not be higher than MAXNOMPSD, setting MAXNOMPSD to -52 limits the value of NOMPSD, which in turn limits the level of each resulting receive margin and avoids excessive receive margin usage. Usually, MAXNOMPSD is the NOMPSD in the very first transmitter-receiver training section of the ADSL1 training, although this is the vendor's, and thus the controller can indirectly enforce the NOMPSD value used by the ATU-C.
As can be seen in Figure 5A, after receiving its MAXNOMPSD value (and, if necessary, resetting it), the ATU-C 530 uses its " control-induced " or " control-influenced " NOMPSD for the measurement of upstream power 18/54
AT 13 387 U2 2013-11-15 transmission of the ATU-R 540 and thus to estimate the loop length. Based on this estimate, the ATU-C 530 calculates its PCB power loss, if any (for example, according to ADSL1 Appendix A), and informs the ATU-R 540 of this value, setting REFPSD = NOMPSD-PCB, as in step 550 shown in Fig. 5A. Using embodiments of the present invention, the PCB value is less likely to cause non-compliance with the receive margin requirements due to the consideration and use of the historical data 520 being maintained by the controller 510 relative to the line on which modems 530, 540 are operating.
The ATU-R 540 then computes the receive margin, bits (bi) and gains (g,) after the transceiver learn and channel analysis using the REFPSD value. The values of g ,, allowed under ADSL1 are -14.5 dB to +2.5 dB. As can be seen in step 560 of FIG. 5A, the final PSD value for the tone i is PSD, = NOMPSD-PCB + g ,, which is subject to the MAXNOMPSD constraint initially provided by the controller 510. (In some embodiments of the present invention, the values may be the receive margin related parameter values and may be indirectly controlled by the controller via an instruction signal from the controller to a receiver telling it to decrease gains). Therefore, if NOMPSD equals MAX-NOMPSD, the PCB is 2 dB, and g, for a large group of adjacent tones, is +2.5 dB, with the final PSD values for all of these tones limited on average to MAXNOMPSD by the MAXNOMPSD constraint even though the computed PSD would be 0.5 dB above MAXNOMPSD (although this is unlikely given the historical data analysis and the choice of MAXNOMPSD by the controller due to past operational characteristics). Theoretically, this could apply to any sound. However, ADSL1 allows MAXNOMPSD to be exceeded by up to 2.5 dB for individual tones, but MAXNOMPSD must be maintained across a group of tones on average. In all cases where the combination of PCB and g is not positive, the PSDr value is at or below NOMPSD.
In this way " sows " the controller-influenced NOMPSD will complete this entire process, allowing the controller 510 to reconcile the ultimate receive margin and excessive receive margin with the MIB-supplied MAXSNRM levels defined in the ADSL1 standard (or any other imposed limit). Finally, settings can still be made during the SHOWTIME using the ADSL1 gain-switching capabilities.
There is no MIB parameter directly indicating to the controller 510 what the NOMPSD value is in ADSL1. The controller can base its recommendation / instruction on a training sequence that has just been completed (with the modem pair going directly into a relearn procedure) or other historical data that the controller has access to.
For an up-power reduction, as illustrated in the example of Figure 5B, the ATU-R 540 begins sending a test signal to the ATU-C 53 0 at a preselected PSD value, for example -38 dBm / Hz. The ATU-C 530 measures the line loss and estimates the loop length and returns this information to the ATU-R 540. The ATU-C 530 also calculates the receive latitude, bits, and gains for its own operation. The second transmission of the ATU-R 540 is still at its original PSD value. Upon receipt of a second transmission from the ATU-R 540, the ATU-C 530 computes its gains and can command a power drop of up to 14.5dB so that an initial PSD value of -38 is used by the ATU-R 540, and then the final PSD of the ATU-R 540 is between -52.5 and -38.
While the up and down training / performance reduction are separate events, one embodiment of the invention lowers the uplink PSD under control of the controller when the previous receive margin is high. Uplink crosstalk is generally not bad in the DSL, but the upstream high power signal can cause a stronger echo in downlink signals in user modems 19/54
Leaked AT13 387U2 2013-11-15. By reducing this echo by the lower, non-standard, upward PSD, the downlink power can be increased by several dB (possibly up to 10 dB) when one echo dominates another noise, as is sometimes the case when bridged taps available. Using this embodiment, a modem exhibits higher performance than current modems on long loops, where this local echo appears most often to be the dominant area-limiting effect on the user modem.
Once the modems enter the SHOWTIME, further adjustments to gains may be made using a gain change.
In ADSL1 and other systems, a simple option according to an embodiment of the present invention is the measurement of the receive margin just before the SHOWTIME. If the measured receive margin is higher than a prescribed limit just before the modems enter the SHOWTIME (a 16 dB MAXSNRM, for example) training is resumed and the modems re-learn in a second pass using the allowable reduction values become. Such an implementation, in most situations, could not be controlled by the DSM center and instead could be run in owner mode in the modems themselves, e.g. By a method according to an embodiment of the present invention in a software module or the like.
Embodiments of the present invention implemented under the ADSL2 standard, examples of which are illustrated in FIGS. 6A and 6B, again use a controller 610 that includes the process of initialization, handshake, channel discovery, transceiver Training, channel analysis, and exchange using one or more controller provided receive margin related parameter values for the modems.
Due to the range of available PCB values (0, 1 ..... 40 dB) and the fact that either the ATU-R or ATU-C can command a reduction, ADSL2 has a mechanism that covers a wider range standardized power reduction, which can be used to instruct the transmitter to reduce the initial PSD, if previously consistently high receive margins were observed. The value of the transmitter's PCB can be calculated starting with the MAXNOMPSD parameter provided by the controller. Embodiments of the present invention thus use an earlier history to support the adjustment of the MAXNOMPSD and / or the PCB / tssi by proprietary levels lower than -60 dBm / Hz PSDs.
As noted above, the transmitter may decrease by one PCB when instructed by a DSM center, operator, or other controller to do so. In ADSL2, the transmitters can impose a PCB because the modems must use the larger of the two PCBs requested by the transmitter and receiver. Normally compliance with a MAXNOMPSD provided by the operator would have occurred and the NOMPSD could already be below -40 dBm / Hz before the PCB is used early in the teach-in process. The actual NOMPSD value transmitted in one of the very first messages sent between the sender and receiver in a section known as the G.hs section of the ADSL2 training process appears before a message from the PCB. Then, the downstream transmitter may impose a more substantial PCB for a number of reasons (for example, if upstream signals look so large that the transmitter wants to ensure that MAXSNRM is being maintained, or because the transmitter has commanded PCBs through a proprietary mode of the manufacturer use). However, the external MIB for very low PSD values is not in the ADSL2 standard (MAXNOMPSD> -60 in ADSL2).
Using the present invention, adjustment of up to 40 dB may be necessary due to earlier reported high receive headroom or line history. The transmitter may allow the controller (for example, a DSM center) to specify that the transmitter desires a PSD less than -60 dBm / Hz (which is generally used in the ADSL2 standard is not required). MAXNOMPSD can not be lower than -60 dBm / Hz in the ADSL2, so that a controller (for example, a DSM center or operator) may require an additional reduction by the PCB or tssi parameters. The tssi parameters are present in the ADSL2, but can not be specified by a controller or an operator in the ADSL2 (in ADSL2, only the modem manufacturer can set the tssi). (ADSL2 + does not allow tssi to be specified by the operator via the PSDMASK MIB parameters.) In ADSL2 +, a controller, operator or DSM center can enforce tssi values by the so-called PSDMASK MIB parameter The PSDMASK MIB parameter is in ADSL2 not available and the manufacturer can instead set a tssi value if he so wishes). In summary, the PCB is actually under the control of the transmitter. The controller (for example, the DSM center or the operator) may specify the PCB indirectly via a very low PSD transmission setting if the ADSL2 modem sets the operator or DSM center in a proprietary mode to a PSD below -60 allows. (Some ADSL1 DSLAMS have a software update that goes beyond the G.992.1 standard and allows the MAXNOMPSD value from a controller / DSM center to be set to -80 dBm / Hz longer after the ATU-R, which is not aware that this has been done, is still working well, otherwise the PCB can instead be set to tssi in ADSL2 + using the PSDMASK standard specified in ADSL2 + MB.
Only in the upstream direction can the PCB sent from the receiver (ATU-C) to the transmitter also be required to require that the upstream received power be less than a value known as MAXRXPWR by the operator or the controller (for example, a DSM center) in ADSL2. Thus, using MAXRXPWR, the controller may cause the PCB to be implemented via a DSM center command or the like. However, the downstream position requires the use of proprietary functions to force less than -60 (either with PCB or tssi).
The present invention includes either adjusting the level with tssi or implementing a DSM intelligent transmitter that overcomes the need for control commands and initially adjusts the PSD level to PCB or both.
In Figures 6A and 6B, the ADSL2 standard allows a receive modem to command a power reduction (PCB) of 0, 1, 2 ..... 40 dB as part of a training.
These additional, maximum available 40 dB are not available in ADSL1 transmission systems. The transmitter may also decide to decrease the power and tell the receiver that this has occurred so that each modem can specify the PCB value. Of particular importance is the fact that the ATU-R can do this for downlink transmission and the ATU-C for uplink transmission.
In the example of FIG. 6A, controller 510 begins by providing a receive margin related parameter value (eg, a MAXNOMPSD value) in the modem pair (eg, sending it to a single modem such as ATU-C 630) in step 645 The ADSL2 and '" G.ploam (G.997.1) " Standards also allow power to be limited externally by an operator or controller (such as a DSM center) as specified by a MAXNOMATP parameter, which could have a similar effect as the MAXNOMPSD parameter. According to ADSL2, NOMPSD must be between -60 and -40 for each note i for which CARMASK is 1, allowing for selective use of frequencies within the useful band or bands. As with ADSL1, the NOMPSD value is usually set to MAXNOMPSD to allow the use of a maximum allowable receive margin.
The controller 510 may consult a receive margin performance history 520 (such as a library, a database, a memory, or a computer module) that may receive its information from any suitable source, for example, a system estimate 21/54
AT13 387U2 2013-11-15 or the MIB 525, which in turn receives its data from the ATU-C 630, one or more administrative units 544, or from another source, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Using collected operating data and possibly one or more modem operating parameters, controller 510 may analyze the operating data and then generate one or more receive margin related parameter values and send the modified receive margin related parameter value (s) to the mode pair for implementation. The receive margin related parameter (here, for example, the MAX NOMPSD value sent to ATU-C 630) is selected and calculated to result in an appropriate receive margin level after transceiver training before operation, etc. to assist the modem in meeting one or more receive travel destinations.
The ATU-C 630 sends the initial NOMPSD value to the ATU-R 640 during the handshake phase of the training according to §8.13.2 of the ADSL2 standard. During the pre-operational training channel discovery phase 650, both the ATU-C 630 measure as well as ATU-R 640, the line performance and suggest a PCB value. The largest PCB value (ie, the largest decrease in power) is assumed by the pair of modems 630, 640, thereby establishing a REFPSD for each frequency used, where REFPSD = NOMPSD-PCB, meaning that the lowest of the two REFPSD values that is proposed by the two modems (transmitter and receiver) is used. In ADSL2, the NOMPSD level can be set by the operator or controller 610 (such as a DSM center) to any level between -60 dBm / Hz and -38 dBm / Hz in 0.1 dB increments. Thus, a REFPSD level of only -100 dBm / Hz could result if the ADSL2 receiver correctly observes MAXSNR and commands a necessarily large PCB value. Of course, this assumes that the modem manufacturer has correctly implemented the PCB for MAXSNRM, but this parameter is often not properly implemented nor is it tested and measured in existing modem performance / conformance tests.
During transceiver training 655 and channel analysis 660, the system adjusts its equalizers and echo cancels and measures the SNR in both the down and up directions. The final stage before SHOWTIME is the replacement at step 665. During this final pre-operational phase, the ATU-R may command another power setting in the range of -14.5 and + 2.5 + EXTGI. Thereafter, the system goes into its normal SHOWTIME mode, where MAXSNRM is observed and maintained, and where further adjustments can be made using allowable gain changes.
In ADSL2, nominally the same steady state allowable gain values of -14.5 dB to +2.5 dB are used, which are found in ADSL1. However, in ADSL2, reinterpreting a sync symbol power level at the same level as data symbols allows for the execution of this full -14.5dB to +2.5dB range of gains while ADSL1 modems are usually within +2.5dB or -2.5 dB of the initial power level offset of -40, -42, ... or -52 are limited from the initial levels of the training gains gi during the change. The ADSL2 EXTGI parameter allows you to increase gains above 2.5 dB up to +18.0 dB in addition to the levels that are nominally used in the ADSL2 switch. EXTGI is determined and / or adjusted by the DSLAM manufacturer outside the influence of an operator, controller and / or dynamic spectrum manager and is transmitted to the receive modem during initialization. A high EXTGI value can confuse different PSD levels, as neither the MAXNOMPSD nor the PSD MASK (ADSL2 +) should be exceeded, even if this EXTGI is sufficiently large. Some manufacturers could ignore the mask and implement the mask-ignoring EXTGI due to the confused intentions specified by a large EXTGI value and reduced masks (although the ADSL2 standard does not allow this).
Some current modems and / or systems regularly fail to use correct settings, and the MAXSNRM limit is often not 22/54 in ADSL2 modems
AT13 387U2 2013-11-15 be implemented correctly. Thus, by providing a MAXNOMPSD defined by the controller, the transmitter ATU C side can impose a PCB (and / or tssi in ADSL2) value while an initialization message carries the downlink PCB value, effectively constraining the receive latitude to decrease by an amount equal to the proposed downstream PCB (and based on an earlier history of receive-margin observation). In particular, in one or more embodiments of the present invention, the controller 510 may direct a MAXNOMPSD level to the ATU-C 630 that is intentionally below -60 dBm / Hz to force deeper receive margins and closer to the commanded MAXSNRM or to observe the commanded MAXSNRM (possibly based on a history of receive-handoff activity that would not indicate a single training of the line to the receiver's PCB-determining algorithm).
In addition, if the PCB values are exchanged, the exact level of power reduction necessary to satisfy MAXSNRM may not be known, which means that the PCB values may then be too conservative. Thus, again in ADSL2, it may be necessary for controller 510 to observe and / or interrogate receive margin history 520 and impose a lower PSD on the line than the MAXNOMPSD of -52 for ADSL1 or -60 for ADSL2. This would then be passed from the modems through the PCB to the REFPSD = NOMPSD PCB < MAXNOMPSD be observed. In addition, ADSL2 and the complementary G.997.1 standard allow a DSL system operator or controller to impose a MAXNOMPSD parameter that reduces the REFPSD level to only -60 dBm / Hz or to -38 dBm / Hz (depending on the applicable appendix). some of which allow only -40).
In some cases, the MAXNOMPSD (effectively the NOMPSD) could be set up to -34 dBm / Hz (which is not standard compliant). The controller may direct a DSLAM to go on very long lines in these cases where the current -40 dBm Hz would have caused only 12 or 13 dBm or similar of a transmission power to use (the long lines with low receive margins and low data rates are the only ones who really need full power). The actual PSD, which is lower than this -60 dBm / Hz, must be specified by a PSDMASK parameter, which is only observed as a MIB control parameter in the ADSL2 +. However, the controller can notify a contributing ATU-C or ATU-R to warn this unit, even in ADSL2 in a standard compliant manner, to use a PCB (or tssi) value that further reduces the -60dBm / Hz. The MAXNOMPSD parameter is routed to either side of the DSL line before the ADSL learn procedure completes a procedure called " Handshake " (according to ITU standard G.994.1), initiates. The PSDMASK parameter is only MIB-specified in ADSL2 + (it is transported in ADSL2, but at the discretion of the sender, not controlled or specified by the operator), but can be carried in other ways (for example through file transfer programs ("; ftp ") or a simple e-mail message over the Internet to an agreed IP address between the controller and the ATU-C or ATU-R).
One skilled in the art will recognize that the ADSL2 + standard has all of the ADSL2 capabilities specified above, up to doubling the spectrum or doubling the number of transmitted DMT tones used. Thus, performance reduction notes and capabilities discussed in connection with ADSL2 systems also apply to ADSL2 + systems. In addition, some embodiments of the present invention relating to ADSL2 + use a concept known as Spektrum Toolbox which allows an operator and / or controller to use a potentially non-flat initial PSDMASK quantity having multiple flat spectrum regions a set of cutoff frequencies and power levels. The PSDMASK can range from only -96 dBm / Hz to -32 dBm / Hz. This ability was sometimes ignored, misunderstood, or nullified by transmission systems, to the detriment of such systems. By using an earlier history of a line, a controller may use some of the ADSL2 + capabilities to implement embodiments of the present invention. 23/54 asterreidBsd! «Pitwiarot AT 13 387 U2 2013-11-15 Up to 32 stop points (about 8 bands) are allowed in the ADSL2 +, but the mechanism for their transfer in the G.994.1 initialization actually allows ADSL2 + if desired, a PSDMASK level specification for all 512 downlinks and every 64 uplinks. Thus, a controller, such as a DSM center or operator, can augment or de-emphasize different bands by imposing a PSDMASK, beginning with the beginning of training and continuing through all other training and SHOWTIME bit / gain changes. PCB can still be used, but becomes more of a receiver mechanism for the implementation of MAXSNRM, since the PSDMASK essentially replaces MAXNOMPSD from ADSL2 (although this parameter is still present and a PSDMASK can not exceed it). The equivalent of PSDMASK is also allowed upwards in G.992.5, except that it must be implemented by directly specifying the upstream tssi parameters (while the downlink is either a direct specification of tssi or the lighter direct specification the PSDMASK allows). The PREFBAND bit of the DSM report is in addition to G.992.5 and addresses the additional ambiguity of the PSDMASK in the observation of MAXSNRM - that is, receive margin computation in G.992.5 with bit caps (which are at the limit) Example 15 or less, but a finite value) is commonly referred to as the " worst receive margin over all tones " Are defined. Thus, the apply algorithm could increase the receive margin to a very high level in a preferred (ie, good or used) frequency band, while limiting the receive margin to a smaller value in a less preferred lower PSD band. Since the worst receive margin then enters the least preferred band, it is reported and then substantially inhibits the application of the MAXSNRM principle. If, instead, the PREFBAND is active, it means that all the receive latitude of sounds must be less than MAXSNRM, not just the worst. Thus, the receiver can not misunderstand the intention of the PSDMASK whether it is used for a band preference or for some other reason. The imposition of the PSDMASK is then given to the modems by the operator with PREFBAND " ON " displayed. The " ON " In essence, the ad prevents proprietary salespersons from defeating the intent of preferential tape handling intended by imposing the PSDMASK with PREFBAND turned on.
For example, in the downlink, the ATU-R loading algorithm might see that the receive margin on a tone anywhere in the band is 7 dB and all others are at 30 dB or more. Since this is the worst receive margin, the modem then requests compliance with the receive margin destination MAXSNRM. However, PSDMASK is set so that no margin of sound on one tone exceeds MAXSNRM. PREFBAND " ON " means that the modem manufacturer has to implement all of this compliance and be able to see 7 dB not just on one tone and 30 somewhere else - he has to watch MAXSNRM on all tones while PREFBAND is set to " ON " is.
Normally, low levels in PSDMASK are used to specify bands that should be avoided and / or used only sparingly. An Operator / DSM center specified flat low PSDMASK < However, 60dBm / Hz in the invention forces the NOMPSD to this specified level (which may be as low as 96dBm / Hz), thus enforcing a low level of random access overhead above the low initial NOMPSD level (even before the modems have used PCBs). to do the same). This very low PSD is called or enforced by the controller, operator or DSM center as specified, thereby anticipating that some vendor modems could perform a poor job in receive margin and spectrum management, even if standards demand better management. Along with the available NMS communication, a controller may route the PSDMASK as the receive margin related parameter value to the modems via the Internet (eg, e-mail and / or ftp communication). Since the PSDMASK did not come to the modems via the element management system, the modems would then have to make adjustments to the REFPSD value with PCB and / or g, (within (-14.5) to (EXTGI + 2.5) limits) , 24/54
Thus, as an example of a DSL line, the EXTGI of 18 dB and a lowest MAXNOMPSD of -60 dBm / Hz could be used in the Requires the ATU-R to set the PSD in a band initialized at -58 dBm / Hz by setting g to -14.5 dB in that band to -72.5 dBm / Hz. The same ATU-R could also set a PSD of -40 dBm / Hz in another band by setting g, = +18 dB in that other band. The resulting band preference would then be 32.5 dB (the difference between the two levels). Note that this is done without direct use of the PSDMASK in the element management system MIB, but notifies the receiver implementing an imposition of the PSDMASK or the degree of tape preference over the Internet, which then knows how to use the full range Even if no initial PSDMASK PSD setting was allowed. Thus, an intelligent ATU-R essentially forces a standards-compliant ADSL2 ATU-C modem (where no PSDMASK is used) to implement a band preference. It would use all the available size, so of course tssi, if available, is a better implementation. However, Tssi might not always be available as in ADSL2. On the other hand, if the PSDMASK works in the MIB of an ADSL2 + modem, this procedure would not be required and tssi could be used instead.
Some manufacturers allow an external specification of the MAXNOMPSD up to -80 in their new ADSL1 and ADSL2 software in recognition that this is a (slightly) non-standard mode of operation, but does not really cause any damage except the fact that the operator then know how to set certain parameters such as Hlog and Attenuation calculated on the basis of -52 (or -60).
In the VDSL, there is a reference noise up PSD (referred to herein as REFNOISE) that can be used to bring the PSDs to certain settings. In some embodiments of the present invention, control operates backwards from an initial REFNOISE value to an implied PSDMASK as a modified receive margin related parameter value. Thus, the present invention can be used with some translations and unconventional use of the Ref noise PSD in conjunction with the VDSL system and can achieve the same effects as in the ADSLs.
[00135] " Band Preference " is important to achieve gains in the OSM and may be defined as emphasizing a band in an uncoordinated admission that continues the usual bit change and gain change procedures that are necessary in practical systems without sacrificing performance. It can not be expected that a dynamic spectrum manager will react fast enough and switch bit distributions, and it would certainly be slower than the modem responses themselves, which is one of the reasons that OSM advocates favor water-filling or approximations Modems are performed in a distributed manner (sometimes referred to as "iterative water-filling"), good enough. Essentially, the band preference tells the receiving modem to watch a PSDMASK in a band sent by the PSDMASK or the " tss " Parameters of ADSL2 + G.992.5 " Spectral Toolbox " is defined as the receive margin related parameter value to " preference ", which generally allows priority to some bands in water-filling and prevents straining on levels that might disturb other DSLs. The theoretical water-filling procedure solves the equations: Γ 2
En = - · £ Τη = constant n = 1, ..., NSC Equation (1) Hn for non-negative energies En at each of the tones (NSC is the maximum number of tones). The gap Γ is a constant determined by code selections and desired receive margins at a given bit error rate in DSLs. The channel attenuation on each frequency is specified by | Hn | 2 and the noise energy at each tone is specified by σΐ, both of which are measured during training (or their ratio is directly 25/54
Pa'Μϊό; paiesSitiat AT 13 387 U2 2013-11-15 measured) and updated during SHOWTIME operation. This procedure is considered to be continuous-time with updates at periodic intervals or change intervals on the channel.
This theoretical water-filling procedure is well-known in the DSL and can be approximated in numerous ways, including various greedy algorithms (also referred to as levin-campello procedures) for single integer bit constraints where consecutive bits on the least power consuming bit positions on all tones are applied until the desired maximum bit rate limit is not more than a maximum specified receive margin (often known as MAXSNRM in various DSL standards) and not less than a minimum or target receive margin (FIG. commonly known as TARSNRM or TSNRM in various DSL standards). A frequency-dependent bit capping and a frequency-dependent TSNRM [n] for extending existing systems are then transmitted via ftp and / or e-mail to the receive modem implementing the loading algorithm. These may also be useful if FEC can not be adaptive and the system is forced to provide frequency-dependent protection against discontinuous / burst noise that is not frequent, but large when it occurs, and the frequency range that it encounters, is known.
Applying algorithms calculate the number of bits b [n] for each tone and g, " gain " (gn) Factor for each tone. There are many loading algorithm variants that are well known to those skilled in the art. At any specified data rate (or maximum data rate, if rate-adaptive), the modem vendor may attempt to minimize the amount of power required by a particular MAXSNRM. If the receive margin is less than MAXSNRM, but the generated and reported spectrum appears to be off-center, a controller such as a DSM center may suggest a PSD mask to be observed in bit switching and loading in the invention.
An imposition procedure is provided herein for use with embodiments of the present invention. The loading depends essentially on two vector quantities: a vector of incremental normalized energies whose components are A (b); and a vector of channel-related noise or channel normalized mean square errors (MSEs) vn. The latter variable vn can be calculated as v "= - MSE [n] MSE ' n]
Equation (2) H "W" · Η "where Wn is the frequency domain equalizer (FEQ) coefficient on tone n when a FEQ is used. The energy for transmitting another bit on tone n when tone n already carries bn bits is AEn (bn + 1) = A (bn + 1) - vn Equation (3) where function A (b) does not depend on tone index n but is dependent on the ADSL constellations and the target receive margin TSNRM. Function A (b) defines the incremental (extra) energy necessary to transmit the b-th bit on any channel, where vn = 1 with respect to the (b-1) th bit. Thus, by storing this function A (b), which requires up to BCAP digits (never more than 15 in ADSL, such that A (16) = 00 and A (0) = 0), and by calculating / updating and storing the NSC channel dependent quantities vn, n = 1, ..., NSC, the extra energy to transmit the extra energy on a channel is calculated by the product of the two functions as in equation (3).
After computing equation (3), the total energy obtained on the tone must be compared with any applicable MAXNOMPSD or PSDMASK constraint, and if that limit is more than 2.5 dB (or any other precision based number, the the constructor advocates, less than 2.5 dB), then AEn (bn + 1) = 00 (that is, the incremental energy is reset to a maximum number in 26/54
8stm "iidid" s pümtmx AT 13 387U2 2013-11-15 of the imposition implemented by the processor can be displayed). Such PSD MASK constraints can often be imposed in ADSL systems. Storing such masks usually requires an additional 1 (MAXNOMPSD only) to about 20 digits (PSDMASK levels for different tones in ADSL2 +). Table 1 of Figure 9 lists the incremental energies A (b) and the total energies for the case where no PSDMASK is reached, and again vn = 1 if no trellis codes for the G.992.1 / 3/5 constellations ADSL1 is not allowed (ADSL1 does not allow b = 1, so the value of Δ (2) is the first of interest on each tone n in ADSL1). The quantity ε is a normalized reference energy which is calculated as ε _ 1 q 0.95 + tsnrm-codgain equation (4) where CODGAIN = 3.8 + 3 ·
R_N
Bave dB for the use of FEC only, representing about 3.8 dB nominal for one coding gain plus an additional 6% parity bits (so as to indicate bias with respect to a system having a total data rate as a reference) Reference is treated as having neither parity nor code).
The baVe value is the average (estimated) number of bits per tone, that of an estimate of the total line rate by dividing the total number of bits per symbol (BMAX) by the number of tones and then multiplying the result by the overhead percentage and then the nominal 3 dB / bit overhead can be calculated. Usually, this CODGAIN value is about 5 dB. This additional gain over 3.8 dB is necessary because a line bit rate is applied by the algorithm described here.
The parity surcharge size | -] < 0.08 for this rule to work. The rule will be optimistic if more parity is used, and the CODGAIN value should not exceed 5 dB in the line bit rate bias. The 5 dB cutoff can reduce the calculated line bit rate bit total BMAX (that is, the real coding gain can be even higher than 8 dB, but not as high as the formula indicates), but when a large parity fraction is used , the line is dominated by pulsed or discontinuous noise and pessimistic coding is advisable.
When chronic lines use larger parity fractions, the CODGAIN is usually higher, but no stationary noise dominates the performance, and thus underestimating the coding gain is not a serious fault on chronic lines.
In ADSL1, the tones for an encoder progression from tones having the least number of bits to the highest number of bits are reordered. Instead, ADSL2 allows the receiver to reorder the tones for a transmitter-encoder progression after the receiver's desired and specified tone reordering. This sound reordering is transmitted to the transmitter during the training process. In ADSL2 and ADSL2 +, this reordering can be used to simplify admission search algorithms, but embodiments of the invention assume that it has been implemented in the relevant standardized manner and does not address the exact transceiver sequence used. The reference imposition algorithm provided herein may be used for any specified order.
[00143] An example of a reference training apply algorithm follows: Add each bit in turn to the tone having a minimum AEn (b "+ 1) over all tones until one of two stop criteria is met is: [00145] (1) the maximum network rate is reached; or [00146] (2) the total allowable energy has been exceeded.
If criterion (1) is met, the energy at all tones can be increased up to the ratio of the PTST (or MAXNOMPSD) applicable at each frequency. The smallest such increase in dB plus TSNRM is the current reported SNRM. If the smallest such increase is such that TSNRM plus increase exceeds MAXSNRM, then instead of all tones, its energy should be increased by MAXSNRM - TSNRM dB instead.
An example of a reference SHOWTIME applying algorithm follows: At the current data rate, search for the tone having a minimum AEn (bn + 1) over all tones and store the tone index n. Re-search after the sound that has a maximum AEm (bm) and storing the index m. Change one bit from tone m to tone n if and only if AEn (bn + I) < AEm (bm).
[00150] The total energy can be maintained if the receive margin for the new bit distribution does not exceed MAXSNRM. Now, if MAXSNRM has been exceeded on this tone, and this is the tone with minimal headroom, then the energy on all tones should be reduced by the factor by which the receive latitude of the tone exceeds n MAXSNRM.
The ADSL1 and ADSL2 standards have a " bit change " mechanism that allows one bit to switch from tone m to tone n.
At the end of each procedure, the total energy on each tone is computed by Ε "= 'ΣΑΕ» (0 = En (bn -1) + ΔEn (bn) Equation (5) 2 = 1 This energy level can become one Gain levels gn, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
A trellis coding means a somewhat higher complexity when applied, but follows the same basic principle. The application of the trellis coding DMT transmission system forms subchannel groups of two tones each. The two tones within a group are consecutive tones in the order that was used. There is always an even number of tones used and thus an integer number of groups when trellis encoding is used in the ADSL. The incremental energy tables then become the incremental energy for adding a trellis coded bit to a group (and not just a tone) of two tones. Up to 29 bits can be applied in a group (15 for the first tone plus 15 for the second tone minus an extra bit needed in trellis coding) if BCAP = 15 for all tones.
Within a group of two tones, it can be assumed, without loss of generality, that vn + i> vn (otherwise, only re-indexing is to be performed in the apply algorithm for the computation and to override the reindexing on exiting the apply algorithm). The incremental energy for adding a bit to a group is then always the smallest energy for adding that bit within the two tones, knowing that when starting in a 0-bit group, the first information bit added is actually two bits is (an additional first bit for adding a bit / group in trellis coding) added to tone n. Each subsequent added bit costs only one incremental unit of energy instead of the two incremental units of energy for the first bit. The loading tables are those shown in Table 2 of FIG.
Thus, in the examination of the group of tones (n n + 1) for each bit after the first one added to tone n, the bias algorithm possibly adds the bit to the single tone with ^ EgrouP, "(KouP, n + 1 ) = min (v "* Δ (b" +1), vB + 1 * Δ (bn + l + 1)) Equation (6) [00157] The 4D trellis loading algorithm examines 28/54 to clear one bit
8th I »5di's pute & mx AT 13 387 U2 2013-11-15 whose
AE
(K group, n V group, n 1) = max <X * A (b "), vK + 1 * A (bn + 1)) n.n + 1
Equation (7) If only the trellis coding is used, the CODGAIN in equation (4) should be 4.2 + 1.5 = 5.7 dB. If both trellis and FEC are used, the COD GAIN should be 5.5 + 1.5 + 3 * f g λ N, -1-bave, which can be estimated to be about 8 dB. Again - £ 0.08 for this rule to work. The rule will be optimistic if more parity N) is used, and the CODGAIN should not exceed 8 dB in the line bitrate loading. The threshold of 8 dB may exceed the calculated line bit rate bit total BMAX, but if a large parity fraction is used, the line will be dominated by impulsive or discontinuous noise, and pessimistic encoding enhancement is advisable.
The implementation of the apply algorithm may result in a &quot; jagged &quot; or sawtooth energy characteristics due to &quot; jumps &quot; lead in the energy, since only integer bits per tone are present. Thus, one reason for adjusting the gain is &quot; equalize &quot; of the reception travel on all sounds. Usually this is a small impact, but can provide a slightly higher modem / line reception margin - it does not have to be implemented and is often not implemented by the modem manufacturer. Once a bit distribution is set, some sounds may have a slightly higher receive margin than others (the reported receive margin is the worst over all tones). In fact, the tone to which a next bit is added when another bit is to be loaded has the highest receive margin, the next, other note thereafter, the next highest receive margin, and so on. Gains on these tones with higher receive margins than the last tone receiving a bit on impact could transmit a slightly lower overall energy and the last bit of sound more (as long as the PSD mask is not violated).
ADSL1 and ADSL2 both allow the gain to be specified in the range of [-14.5, + 2.5 + EXTGI] dB during training (where EXTGI = 0 is always true for ADSL1). ADSL2 allows the same area during SHOWTIME operation, and the exact gn value is sent through the overhead channel. ADSL1 limits the range during the SHOWTIME to -2, -1, 1, 2 or 3 dB changes relative to the value set last during training or a previous gain change, in particular the exact precision value of the gain after a gain change of 1 512 round (512.gn - 0value / 2 °, where "round" means setting to the next whole value Cascaded gain changes should not violate the range [-14.5, + 2.5 + EXTGI].
Modem vendors should know that ADSL1 modems have a synch symbol that is not lowered in power every 17 ms. Thus, if the remainder of the signal is reduced in power by an apply procedure (such as, in particular, a gain change), the intersymbol interference (ISI) from the ADSL1 synch symbol may appear relatively large and dominate all other noise. This ISI can be deleted in many ways, including, as the sync symbol is known, through effective redesign of the ISI and its removal. Another solution is to change the time domain equalization settings as the gap between the synch symbol energy and the normal symbol energy increases. The ADSL1 standard recommends, but does not require, that the SHOW-TIME gain changes keep the total symbol energy at ± 2.5 dB of the specified synch-symbol power spectral density level. 29/54
ISTERIC PESIASFIT AT13 387U2 2013-11-15 For ADSL1, the basic loading step may be followed by a receive margin equalization step. This receive margin equalization step occurs after a data rate has been adjusted (either achieving the desired rate in a fixed rate ADSL or being set to a maximum rate in the rate adaptive ADSL).
The algorithm given here can be used for ADSL1 receive margin equalization during the SHOWTIME (ADSL1 gain change) and assumes for a SHOWTIME gain change that gains during training have already been adjusted so that the MAXSNRM is not exceeded (if MAXSNRM is exceeded during the initial teach-in process, no gain change is necessary). For fixed rate loading, the energy used is less than the total allowable energy (or the modem is retrained or possibly working at <TSNRM, in which case this procedure can and should be used with TSNRM at the current lower SNRM is reset). The calculation of the receive margin for each tone is well known to those skilled in the art. The steps are: 1. Order the tones in the sense of SNRM [n] from the smallest to the largest (and remember the ranking) and store MAXS = max SNRM [n] &lt; MAXSNRM.
2. Increase each subsequent tone by 1 dB to the index m, where SNR [m] &gt; MAXS, as long as the total energy (or PSDMASK / MAXNOMPSD) is not exceeded, and then resetting MAXS - &gt; min (SNRM [m] + 1, MAXSNRM) dB. For those sounds that would have exceeded the PSDMASK / MAXNOMPSD, remove them for further consideration.
[00166] 3. Recalculate the notes as in step 1 (keep the order) [00167] 4. Repeat step 2 for reordered notes. [00168] 5. Repeat from step 3 [00169] 6. Repeat from step 4 [FIG. 00170] 7. Cancel the entire sequence and reinsert all sounds that previously exceeded PSDMASK / MAXNOMPSD.
Then all gain changes are implemented. At the end of this procedure, up to 3 dB will have been added to those tones which had the lowest reception margins. The bit distribution has not changed, but the receive margins may have increased by 1, 2, or 3 dB on some tones. The new smallest receive margin is not smaller than that before the execution of the procedure, and usually 1 dB or better.
The same procedure as the ADSL1 SHOWTIME follows for ADSL1 receive margin equalization during initialization (and ADSL2 gain transition for training or SHOWTIME), except that the designer can use a smaller increment than 1 dB, for example 0.5 dB so that the algorithm can run up to 5 passes (instead of 3), with each pass possibly providing another 0.5 dB on an increasingly smaller subset of tones. Again, when MAXSNRM is exceeded (ADSL1 only) or reached (ADSL1 or ADSL2), no gain change is necessary.
In all switching methods, of course, a first bit change and then a gain change can be performed, since the channel noise (MSE) changes over time. Even if no bit change is necessary, a gain change may be necessary if the MSE has changed.
The algorithms discussed above are easily modified for BCAP [n] and TSNRM [n]. For a nonuniform BCAP [n] <15, then A (bn) = 00 for bn &gt; BCAP [n], which is tested before multiplying A (bn) by vn to obtain AEn (bn). With the trellis 30/54
äförreidBscses pitwiarot AT 13 387 U2 2013-11-15
Coding applies BCAP [n] for information bits, so that, as in Table 2 of Figure 9, the last entry corresponding to ΔΕη (BCAP [n]) = °° in the column for vn, while ΔΕη + ι {BCAP [n + 1] + 1) = 00 for the column for vn + i.
For the nonuniform TSNRM [n] it is according to
Equation (8) TSNRM [n] v -> v ---
&Quot; &Quot; TSNRM is easier (less memory) to change each vn instead of changing A (b), where TSNRM is the single (uniform) receive margin specified (usually 6 dB). Both BCAP [n] and TSNRM [n] can be used for various improvements on specific lines.
In greedy algorithms, tones that are already biased to a maximum bit cap have an infinite (high) overhead in adding extra bits, thereby avoiding bits / tones that exceed the bit cap. The present invention recognizes that tones for which the addition of a bit would cause the bounded PSDMASK to be exceeded should also have an infinite (high) overhead in those positions that may or may not be implemented by different manufacturers. Changes in the channel and / or noise are monitored and the algorithms run continuously, which allows the DMT transmitter to move bits to maintain good energy usage and reception margin. The infinite overhead associated with exceeding an imposed spectral mask remains in SHOWTIME operation, so bits are not remapped to a PSDMASK limited band, even though this band would be more attractive in theoretical water-filling than other bands.
Applying a substantially infinite overhead by the PSDMASK for adding bits to a particular tone when the existing energy of that tone is already at or near the mask level is used in the band preference. In essence, adding a bit in a non-preferred band because of the PSDMASK constraint, which influences or forces the single water-filling algorithm (that is, the greedy algorithm), is the same bit in a preferred band to charge where the PSDMASK can be higher, and thus to encourage more bits to be taken. The PSDMASK can thus be set well below the allowable MAXNOMPSD mask in some bands to indicate a preference for using other bands, presumably because the controller and / or the dynamic spectrum manager (again, for example, an SMC or DSM center or manager) has determined that such a band preference is valuable to the lines. Central control of the bit distribution is likely to be impractical because of the speed of response necessary to change the bit distribution required or appropriate for time-varying channel effects (such as changes in crosstalk, etc.). The band preference is instead specified at the time of initialization by the controller and / or the dynamic spectrum manager; presumably by deliberate choice of PSDMASK levels (or possibly tsSn levels) specified in ADSL2 + and currently proposed for VDSL2.
The energy on a particular clay, En, is determined by 3 components as follows:
Equation (9)
En = E0, n-Sl-tSS2n where E0, n is the REFPSD level. For example, an ADSL modem without power reset and without the use of a PSDMASK would have an energy E0, n which is -40 dBm / Hz (or other value set in the various appendices of standards or by a controller according to an embodiment of the present invention designated NOMPSD 31/54
Merreöiise-ts piiesSasnt AT13 387U2 2013-11-15), which would be familiar to both the transmitter and the receiver. Size gl specifies a &quot; g &quot; Gain, which is usually between -14.5 dB and +2.5 dB for ADSL standards and theoretically could be any non-negative (linear) value. This &quot; reinforcement &quot; is sent to the sender through a control reverse channel in DMT DSL either when initialization is changed or during &quot; bit change &quot; in the live mode of the modem forwarded. The tss2n parameter is set for each use of the modem by the MIB and can be between 0 and 1. In the theoretical water-filling, the parameter tss is almost useless, as the gain parameter could cancel any tss effect and set the energy levels to the desired water-filling levels (if gains gn were not capped). Of course, a tss = 0 value would prevent the use of the sound and could not be reversed. In practice, the upper limit of possible gain selections by 2.5 dB or by EXTGI allows the tss to affect the thresholds of the apply algorithm and thus be a useful tool. In particular, an upper limit of gain at +2.5 dB prevents a significant reversal (if this limit is increased by EXGI, a greater inversion is possible and a value of EXTGI = 18.0 dB might inadvertently reinstate the band preference reversal of a theoretical water Lead fills). The unmodified water-filling procedure would restore a band by a positive gain value if tss is low. The situation when E0 + 2.5dB in the above equation (1) is maximum directly corresponds to an infinite (finite precision) effort associated with adding an extra bit to that tone in a single application. This nonlinearity of a single imposition is important to the band preference.
In a system where PSDMASK values have deliberately been set lower in an otherwise good band, the infinite expense associated with applying multiple bits beyond these levels reaching the mask in that band forces the apply algorithm to do so instead, put bits in other available transmission bands that have not yet reached the PSDMASK PSD limit, essentially favoring or favoring these other bands. This can also be done essentially with the non-standard BCAP [n] concept (the variable bit capping frequency). For example, in certain ADSL CO / RT blending situations and VDSL upwards examples, the theoretical water-filling is ineffective as it attempts to proceed to the lower frequency band which looks more attractive (but is then limited by crosstalk) at the second user on the longer line is generated). For the same situations, if the receiver also knows the PSD MASK setting, a single water filling would capture the infinite overhead of exceeding the PSDMASK when set at the appropriate low level to prevent crosstalk in the longer line ( or if bit-lids are held at a certain number of maximum bits that is less than the usual 15). Thus, the single water filling would then begin with the addition of bits to the second higher frequency band on the shorter line in both examples and achieve the same results as OSM. Significant improvements can be achieved if the dynamic spectrum manager knows that certain lines are mutual interferers (for example, using one of the estimation methods of the invention described above).
In some embodiments, PREFBAND is a 1-bit unsigned integer for which 1 specifies that the overhead is to apply bits over the PSDMASK, be infinite (or effectively forbidden), and that MAXSNRM be on all tones, not just the Sound with the worst reception margin should be applied. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this embodiment of the invention could also be used effectively in VDSL2. The determination of the imposed PSDMASK levels is the domain of a controller, such as a DSM center. For the control, it may be necessary to know the Hlog and noise power spectrum density centrally as well as the Xlog gains of the DSM report so that it can centrally determine good PSDMASK levels which are in band preference 32/54
AT 13 387 U2 2013-11-15 be imposed. One method for such a determination that avoids the high computation and convergence problems of OSM is to attempt to establish some gross spectral levels and band edge frequencies in a simulated iterative single water filling of all channels using the Hlog, Xlog, and Noise power spectral densities which settings give an acceptable line performance improvement.
OSM algorithms, and to a lesser extent the band preference, require at least a knowledge of the crosstalk transfer functions between interfering lines. In an ADSL2 system or in any system (e-mail / ftp) where all relevant port insertion loss and crosstalk insertion loss transfer functions are available to or can be computed by the controller, a central algorithm can determine the levels specified in the Band preference can be used. These levels are then communicated to the ATU-C and / or ATU-R and implemented by the PSDMASK and / or the band preference bit.
Measurements such as forward error correction and a bit error rate in DSL systems should help the DSL service reliably provide high data rates for DSL customers. While both &quot; reliability &quot; (in some cases defined as fewer transactional operations, reduced possibility of throughput decrease due to high code violation (CV) counts, etc.) as well as &quot; high data rates &quot; importantly, there is no clear way to find a compromise for these two, and service providers often come to blends of unreliable lines (that is, for example, frequent relearning, high CV numbers) and low-power lines (low data rates). Operators have also found that these reliability and service / performance issues contribute to repair vulnerability and expense (for example, upgrades), and to customer satisfaction and loyalty, including customer revenue. Embodiments of the present invention include methods and techniques for achieving desired data rates with minimal headroom or maximizing desired data rates while maintaining one or more minimum reliability conditions. That is, using embodiments of the present invention where the maximum data rate (for good lines) can be maintained, adaptive power / reception margin controls can be used to optimize performance. If the maximum data rate can not be achieved (for bad lines), adaptive data rate controls may be implemented to implement the best possible data rate associated with one or more performance-related parameter (s) and / or goals (eg, CV number, Umlernvorgänge, etc.) is compliant.
In current systems and standards, the data rate is selected by the modem during training (or sometimes also in the SHOWTIME in ADSL2) when the dynamic rate adaptation &quot; ON &quot; is. This selected data rate can not exceed the maximum rate for which the customer pays, and thus is set at good rates on this maximum rate. For bad lines, the rate is less than the maximum and is chosen for a particular receive volume level (eg, 6 dB receive margin) during training. In other words, adaptive data rate control only applies if a line can not reach the maximum rate in the customer's roster (eg 1.5 ~ 3 Mbps).
If the maximum data rate can be reliably achieved with an appropriate receive margin, there is no need to adaptively control the data rate (the maximum rate is simply chosen) and instead control the receive margin to avoid excess levels (while maintaining the maximum rate will) the topic. In such cases, the receive margin congestion target may need to be adaptively arbitrated for each lead so that a desired performance parameter and / or goal (eg, re-training / CV criteria) for the lead may be met while the interference is minimized to other lines. For example, for a line that does not experience fluctuation in noise power, a 6 dB reception margin target could be sufficient. However, for a line experiencing a noise power fluctuation of up to 10 dB, a suitable selectivity margin could be 16 dB. So far, however, was a 33/54
Austrian :; jafsüfeMt AT 13 387 U2 2013-11-15 used at the time of training and that only the noise power at the time of training was chosen as the basis for the choice of power reset (ie, the course or distribution of noise power was not taken into account).
Similar problems exist with bad lines under current practices. If the maximum data rate can not be reliably achieved with a reasonable amount of headroom, there is no need to adaptively control performance (choose only the maximum power). Here, instead, controlling data rates to avoid excess rates (while maintaining receive game levels) is the theme. For example, for a line experiencing no fluctuation in noise performance, a data rate of 2.0 Mbps might be appropriate to meet the desired retraining / CV or other performance-related criteria. However, for a line that often experiences higher noise performance, a data rate of 1.6 Mbps might be appropriate instead. Heretofore, however, a fixed reception margin target has been used at the time of training, and only the noise power at the time of training has been input for selecting the data rate (that is, the waveform or the distribution of the noise power has not been taken into consideration). The following examples describe methods and techniques that use history and / or distribution.
For an ADSL line of interest, various operational data may be collected periodically or aperiodically. These data may include the current receive margin, the current data rate, the current maximum achievable data rate, FEC correction numbers, CV numbers, retraining numbers, channel transfer functions, and noise spectra. Furthermore, based on collected operating data, the probability distributions of the receive margin, the maximum achievable data rate, FEC correction numbers, CV numbers, retraining numbers, etc. can be estimated as a function of the data rate. The channel transfer function and the noise spectrum could not be immediately available to a controller if the operational data is collected only from the ATU C side of an ADSL1 system, but at least some of the useful data can be estimated in such situations. Techniques for determining such estimates can be found in US Pat. 10 / 817.128.
An example of a receive margin distribution curve is shown in FIG. 10. For a specific collection data rate Rcollect, for example, 3 Mbps, operating data is collected over time to determine the percentage of time that certain receive margins are used when a DSL line is operating at Rcollect. In the example of Figure 10, the DSL line uses a 16 dB receive margin to operate at 3 Mbps about 50% of the time. Likewise, for the same collection data rate, the DSL line uses a 10 dB receive margin for approximately 10% of the time and a 4 dB receive margin for approximately 1-2% of the time. By adding the total percentages for given receive travel ranges, the likelihood of operating at or below the top receive margin in the rate may be determined.
The receive margin is closely related to CV number, retraining rates, maximum data rates, and other related performance parameters. For example, high CV numbers and / or retraining rates may statistically correlate with the number of upgrades necessary for a particular DSL line. Likewise, customer satisfaction (measured, for example, by the number of customers renouncing a particular operator's service) may be statistically correlated statistically with CV number and / or retraining rates. Therefore, after determining the distribution (s) of one or more performance parameters (s) as a function of the data rate, the probability of line failure (re-training the line) and the probability that the CV number exceeds a threshold may then also be calculated as a function of the data rate become. If performance thresholds / goals are of particular importance to an operator or other party, the present invention allows that party to adaptively control the data rate and / or use of the power / reception margin to one or more of these
Merrecfcische ;; AT 13 387 U2 2013-11-15
To achieve goals.
The maximum power penalty (the minimum receive margin) or the maximum data rate may then be selected while satisfying the reliability criteria (e.g., the number of retraining sessions and the CV count exceeding a specified threshold).
For example, multiple thresholds for the number of retraining and the CV numbers may be used and the criteria may be as follows: [00191] - number of retraining sessions (per day) &lt; 1 with a probability of 50% or more; and [00192] - number of retraining sessions (per day) &lt; 3 with a probability of 90% or more; and [00193] - number of retraining sessions (per day) &lt; 5 with a probability of 99% or more; and [00194] - CV number (per 15-minute period) &lt; 2000 with a probability of 99% or more; and [00195] - CV number (per 15-minute period) &lt; 1000 with a probability of 95% or more; and [00196] - CV number (per 15-minute period) &lt; 500 with a chance of 90% or more.
The maximum power penalty or the highest data rate meeting all six criteria is then selected.
A method 1100 according to an embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 11. First, operational data for one or more data rates Rcollect is collected at 1110. From this collected data, at 1120, one or more distributions of a performance parameter (such as receive margin, as shown in Figure 10) are entered as a function of the given data rate used to collect the data. The highest data rate R satisfying one or more performance goals is then selected at 1130. At decision block 1140, if the highest data rate reaching the performance target (s) is the maximum data rate (Rmax), the performance parameter is optimized at 1150 to maximize this rate (eg, by decreasing the receive margin or increasing the power reset). maintain. If the highest data rate reaching the performance objective (s) is not RMax at 1130, the DSL line will operate at the selected R and the performance parameter will follow its distribution. To ensure that reliance on one or more distributions remains valid, the system may self-update as shown in FIG.
As illustrated in Fig. 10, there is a general trade-off between receive margin and data rate, and the receive margin values decrease as the data rate is increased. Based on the estimated and / or collected information, a controller for a particular receive margin value may find a distribution of DC line direct power parameters such as forced retraining numbers, CVs, code error corrections, etc., based on the same set of data estimating the distributions of different ones Performance parameter is used for a given data rate. Then the retraining and CV criteria can also be implemented and interpreted in the sense of room to receive. For example, the following receive travel criteria can be applied to the line based on the above retrain and CV criteria: Receive margin must be over 3dB 99% of the time. [00201] Receive margin must be above 5dB 95% of the time [00202] Receive margin must be above 6dB 90% of the time. Based on the receive margin distribution, the maximum power reset or the maximum data rate can be chosen to satisfy all three receive margin criteria for the DSL line under consideration. It is also possible to use the six new 35/54
AT13 387U2 2013-11-15 combine the purges and CV criteria with the three receive margin criteria so that the risk associated with the estimation error can be reduced.
Embodiments of the invention may also be applied analogously in situations in which a line experiences two different states with long dwell periods in both states. In such cases, two sets of receive margin allocation criteria may be formed and the appropriate set of criteria applied upon detection of the current state. Obviously, moreover, the invention can be extended to lines of three or more states.
In general, embodiments of the invention use various processes involving data stored or transmitted in one or more modem (s) and / or computer system (s). Embodiments of the present invention also relate to a hardware device or other apparatus for performing these operations. This apparatus may be specially constructed for the required purposes or may be a general-purpose computer selectively activated or reconfigured by a computer program and / or data structure stored in the computer. The processes presented here in themselves do not relate to a particular computer or other apparatus. In particular, various general-purpose machines may be used with programs written in accordance with the present teachings, or it may be more convenient to construct a more specialized apparatus to perform the required method steps. A particular structure for a number of these machines will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art from the following description.
Embodiments of the invention as described above use various method steps involving data stored in computer systems. These steps are those that require physical manipulation of physical quantities. Usually, though not necessarily, these quantities take the form of electrical or magnetic signals that can be stored, transferred, combined, compared, or otherwise manipulated. It is sometimes convenient, principally for reasons of common usage, to refer to these signals as bits, bit streams, data signals, instruction signals, values, elements, variables, characters, data structures, or the like. It should be remembered, however, that all of these and similar terms should be linked to the correct physical quantities and are simply practical labels given to these quantities.
Furthermore, the manipulations performed are often referred to by terms such as identifying, adjusting or comparing. In each of the operating modes described herein, which form part of the invention, these operations are machine operations. Useful machines for performing the operations of embodiments of the present invention include general purpose computers, processors, modems or other similar devices. In all cases, the distinction between the operating procedures when operating a computer and the calculation method itself should be taken into account. Embodiments of the present invention relate to method steps for operating a computer to process electrical or other physical signals to generate other desired physical signals.
In addition, embodiments of the invention further relate to computer-readable media containing program instructions for performing various computer-implemented operations. The media and program instructions may be those that have been specifically designed and constructed for the purposes of the present invention, or may be of the type generally known and available to those skilled in the computer software arts. Examples of computer-readable media include, but are not limited to, magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks, and magnetic tape; optical media such as CD-ROM discs; magneto-optical media such as floptical discs; and hardware devices that are specifically configured to store and execute program instructions, such as read only memory devices (ROM) and random access memory (RAM). 36/54
Austrian patsütarnt AT 13 387 U2 2013-11-15
Examples of program instructions include both machine code as generated by a compiler and files containing a higher level code executed by the computer using an interpreter.
Fig. 8 shows a typical computer system used by a user and / or controller according to one or more embodiments of the invention. Computer system 800 includes any number of processors 802 (also referred to as central processing units or CPUs) coupled to memory devices that include primary memory 806 (usually random access memory or RAM) and primary memory 804 (usually read-only memory). Memory or ROM). As is well known in the art, primary storage 804 is for one-way transfer of data and instructions to the CPU, and primary storage 806 is commonly used to transfer data and instructions in a bidirectional manner. These two primary storage devices may include any suitable one of the computer readable media described above. A mass storage device 808 is also bidirectionally coupled to the CPU 802 and provides additional data storage capacity and may include any of the computer-readable media described above. The mass storage device 808 may be used to store programs, data, and the like, and is usually a secondary storage medium such as a hard disk that is slower than the primary storage. It will be appreciated that the information held in the mass storage device 808 may, by default, be incorporated as part of the primary storage 806 as a virtual memory in appropriate cases. A specific mass storage device, such as a CD-ROM, can also route data unidirectionally to the CPU.
The CPU 802 is also coupled to an interface 810 including one or more input / output devices such as video monitors, trackballs, mice, keyboards, microphones, touch-sensitive displays, transducer card readers, magnetic or paper tape readers, tablets , Input pens, voice or handwriting recognition devices, or other well-known input devices such as, of course, other computers. Finally, the CPU 802 may optionally be connected to a computer or telecommunications network using a network connection, as shown generally at 812. A connection 812 may be used for communication with the DSL system and / or modems of interest. In some cases, the computer system 800 may have a proprietary, dedicated, and / or different specific connection to the DSL system, possibly through equipment (eg, a CO) of the operator or in some other suitable manner (for example, through a connection to the NMS a particular DSL system). With such connections, it is contemplated that the CPU may receive information from the network and / or DSL system or may output information to the network and / or DSL system in the course of performing the method steps described above. The devices and materials described above are known to those skilled in the computer hardware and software arts. The hardware elements described above may define several software modules for executing the operations of this invention. For example, instructions for operating a receive margin monitoring and control controller may be stored in a mass storage device 808 (which may be or include a CD-ROM) and on a CPU 802 in conjunction with the primary storage 806 and a suitable computer program product running on system 800 is used. In a preferred embodiment, the controller is divided into software submodules.
Modifications and alterations within the scope of the present invention are possible to those skilled in the art, and the invention is not limited to the exact construction and operation as illustrated and described. Therefore, the described embodiments should be taken as illustrative and the invention should not be limited to the details given herein but should be defined by the claims and their full scope of equivalents. 37-54

权利要求:
Claims (16)
[1]


AT 13 387 U2 2013-11-15 Claims 1. A control method (700) for a controller connected for communication with a digital subscriber line modem pair, characterized by the steps of: collecting operational data (710) from the DSL modem pair, the operating data comprising current operating data and historical operating data; Analyzing (730) at least a portion of the collected operating data; Generating (740) a receive margin related parameter set based on the analyzed operational data; and instructing (750) the DSL modem pair to operate in accordance with the generated receive margin related parameter set.
[2]
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the historical operating data over a period of previous training or previous DSL line uses of the DSL modem pair are collected and stored in a library.
[3]
The method of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that generating (740) a receive margin related parameter includes generating distributions of at least one performance related parameter represented within the collected operating data over time.
[4]
4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that is displayed with the analysis whether at least one performance-related parameter, which is displayed within the collected operating data, meets a target value.
[5]
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is determined during the analysis (730) of the operating data, which receive margin related parameter value will cause the DSL modem pair satisfies a receive margin target.
[6]
6. The method of claim 1, wherein when analyzing the operating data, it is determined which receiver margin related parameter value will cause the DSL modem pair to meet a performance target or a target threshold.
[7]
A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the collected operating data comprises one or more operating parameter data types selected from the following group: data rate data; S / N ratio reception room for data; maximum achievable data rate data; transmitted total power data; Codeverletzungszähldaten; Forward error correction data; erroneous seconds data; erroneous minute data; Count data for repeated training; Channel attenuation data; Rauschleistungsspektraldichtedaten; Crosstalk coupling data; Crosstalk coupling data at the far end; Crosstalk coupling data at the near end; Echo transfer function data; and data concerning crosstalk between the DSL modem pair and a second DSL modem pair operating on an adjacent DSL line. 38/54

AT13 387U2 2013-11-15
[8]
8. The method of claim 1, wherein analyzing (730) at least part of the collected operating data comprises one or more operations from the following group: comparing a current receive margin related parameter value of the DSL modem pair that is within the current operating data, with a corresponding threshold to determine if a target value is met; and comparing a historical receiver margin related parameter value of the DSL modem pair represented within the historical operational data with a corresponding threshold to determine if a target value is met.
[9]
The method of claim 8, characterized in that the current receive margin related parameter value and the historical receive margin related parameter value are respectively selected from the group: maximum power spectral density level; maximum transmitted power level; Target SNR receive margin; maximum SNR reception margin; minimum data rate; maximum data rate; Start frequency of a transmission band; End frequency of a transmission band; and preferred band; Indicating a preferred band to request that an SNR reception margin measured on any used tone does not exceed the maximum SNR reception margin; maximum nominal power spectral density; maximum nominal transmitted total power; earnings; Bit impingement; Reduction in benefits; maximum received power; Leistungsspektraldichtemaske; S / N ratio target reception margin; minimum signal to noise ratio reception margin; maximum signal to noise ratio reception margin; frequency-dependent bit capping; receive-dependent signal-to-noise ratio target receive margin; Transmission spectrum shape; Specification of bands which are affected by radio frequency interference; Carrier mask; Preference band display per band; Bit capping per tone; and TARSNRM per tone.
[10]
10. The method of claim 1, wherein directing (750) the DSL modem pair to operate in accordance with the reception margin related parameter set transmits instructions to the DSL modem pair at one or more times selected the group consisting of: before training a DSL fashion star; during a workout of the DSL fashion couple; after a first training state of the DSL modem pair and before a second training state of the DSL modem pair; during normal operation of the DSL modem pair; and periodically during normal operation of the DSL modem pair. 39/54

AT 13 387 U2 2013-11-15
[11]
A method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that analyzing the collected operating data comprises one or more operations selected from the following group; Comparing a noise power spectral density with a noise power spectral density threshold; and comparing a cross talk coupling with a cross talk coupling threshold.
[12]
12. The method of claim 1, further characterized by: collecting (710) operational data from a second DSL modem pair connected for communication with the DSL controller; Analyzing (730) at least a portion of the collected operating data from the second DSL modem pair, generating the receive margin related parameter set based on the analyzed operating data, generating the receive margin related parameter set based on the analysis of at least the portion of the operating data provided by the first DSL modem pair, and further based on the analysis of at least the portion of the operational data collected by the second DSL modem pair; and instructing (750) the second DSL modem pair to operate in accordance with the received margin related parameter set.
[13]
13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that as control, an independent unit is provided to monitor the DSL modem pair, wherein the independent unit is selected from the following group: remote DSL system, which is separated from the DSL modem pair to be monitored is arranged; Network management system to collect and store the operational data for subsequent analysis; A processing unit directly linked to one or both of the modems of the DSL modem pair, the processing unit being adapted to perform operations of the controller; A DSL optimizer, which is separate from a device of the DSL modem pair and is connected for communication with the DSL modem pair, the DSL optimizer being provided for optimizing features of the DSL modem pair; Dynamic spectrum management center for working in a location remote from the DSL modem pair; and an intelligent modem which is co-located with the one or both modems of the DSL modem pair, wherein an intelligent modem device is directly connected to each modem of the DSL modem pair.
[14]
14. The method of claim 1, wherein the collected operating data comprises historical signal-to-noise ratio received-space data, wherein analyzing the collected operating data comprises comparing the historical SNR-received-latitude-data with a maximum SNR-receiving latitude; and wherein generating the receive margin related parameter set comprises specifying an increased power reduction parameter value in the receive margin related parameter set when the historical SNR received margin data exceeds the maximum SNR receipt margin. 40/54

pitwiarot AT 13 387 U2 2013-11-15
[15]
A controller (310) for monitoring multiple modem pairs (530, 540) for digital subscriber lines, characterized by the controller comprising: a collection module (320) for collecting operational data from at least one DSL modem pair, the operational data including current operational data and historical data Operating data include; an analysis module (300) coupled to the collection module for analyzing at least a portion of the collected operational data; an instruction signal generation module (350) coupled to the analysis module for generating a reception margin related parameter set based on the analysis, wherein the instruction signal generation module (350) is arranged to command one or more of the DSL modem pairs according to the reception margin related parameter set work.
[16]
A controller according to claim 15, characterized in that the collecting module and / or the instruction signal generating module is arranged to communicate with a DSL network management component selected from the following group; DSL Modern of one of the several DSL modem pairs; Administrative unit which is connected for communication with the DSL modem pairs; A management information base associated with the DSL modem pairs for communication; Network management system connected to the DSL modem pair for communication; A broadband network having an interface to the DSL modem pairs, and a database associated for communication with the DSL modem pairs, the database being arranged to store operational data associated with the at least one DSL modem pair of the plurality of DSL modem pairs were collected. For this 13 sheets of drawings 41/54

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法律状态:
2015-02-15| MK07| Expiry|Effective date: 20141231 |

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US57205104P| true| 2004-05-18|2004-05-18|

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